JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY DISCOVERY
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7064
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JBBD
Start Year: 2016
Email: jbbd@integrityresjournals.org
Biochemical and haematological safety evaluation of the ethanol extract of the stem bark of Blighia sapida using Swiss albino mice
https://doi.org/10.31248/JBBD2017.027 | Article Number: DC1BAE273 | Vol.2 (2) - April 2017
Received Date: 16 February 2017 | Accepted Date: 28 March 2017 | Published Date: 30 April 2017
Authors: Chinweizu Ejikeme Udobi* , Betseabasi Edward Umoh and Ememobong Gideon Asuquo
Keywords: Biochemical, haematological, Ethanol extract, stem bark, swiss albino mice
The ethanol extract of the stem bark of Blighia sapida was studied for its toxic effects on certain hematological and biochemical indices of the swiss albino mice. Three different concentrations of the extract were administered to different groups of the mice through their drinking water for 14 days in the sub-acute test and 28 days in the case of the chronic test. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the plant contains bioactive compounds such as saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenes, resins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, and tannins. The LD50 of the extract was determined to be 500 mg/kg body weight using the Lorke method. Other results obtained showed a significant decrease in some haematological indices such as PCV, HB, RBC, MCV, WBC, lymphocytes and platelet levels as the doses administered increased from low to high. There was also, a significant decrease in the levels of certain biochemical indices such as total protein, albumin, globulin, urea and AST, while the levels of ALT and ALP were significantly increased. The ethanol extract of the stem bark of Blighia sapida showed a slight toxicity to the swiss albino mice. It also showed ability to precipitate some level of anaemia and hepatic damage. Result obtained also confirms that the extract has anticoagulant properties. The safety implications of these effects are highlighted.
| Adedapo, A.A, Adegbayibi A.Y, Emikpe, B.O. (2005). Some clinico-pathological changes associated with the aqueous extract of the leaves of Phyllanthusamarus in Rats. Journ. Pharmacol and Toxicology, 19, 971-976. | ||||
| American Association for Clinical Chemistry, (2014) edition. Safe laboratory procedure, 19-36. | ||||
| Andrews, R. K, Lopez, J. A, Berndt, M. C. (1997). Molecular Mechanisms of Platelet Adhesion and Activation.Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 29, 91. Crossref |
||||
| Arise, R. O., Akintola, A. A., Olarinoye, I. B., & Balogun, E. A. (2012). Effects of Aqueous Extract of Nauclea latifolia Stem on Lipid Profile and Some Enzymes of Rat Liver and kidney. Inter. J. Pharmacol., 8, 389-395. Crossref |
||||
| Ashurust, P. R. (2001). Toxic Substances of Ackee. Rev. J. sci. Res., 2, 4-16. | ||||
| Blanke, O. A., Bennink, M. R., & Jackson, J. C. (2006). Ackee (Blighia sapida) Hypoglycin A Toxicity: Dose Response Assessment in Laboratory Rats, Food and Chemical Toxicology. Journ. Sci. Res., 44(2), 207-213. | ||||
| Bush, B. M. (1991). Interpretation of Laboratory results for small animal Clinicians. Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford. Pp. 25-34. | ||||
| Cox, D. L., & Cox, M. M. (2000). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. Worth Publishers, New York. 877. | ||||
| Ekue, M. R. M., Sinsin, B., Eyog-Matig, O., & Finkeldey, R. (2010). Uses, Traditional Management, Perception of Variation and Preferences in Ackee (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) fruit traits in Benin: Implications for Domestication and Conservation. Journ. Ethnobiol, Ethnomed, 6(1), 12. Crossref |
||||
| Fahey, J. W. (2005). A Review of the Medical Evidence for Its Nutritional, Therapeutic, and Prophylactic Properties.Part 1.Tree Life Journal, 1, 5-15. | ||||
| Falodun, A., Okunrobo, L. O., Uzoamaka, N. (2006). Phytochemical Screening and AntiInflammatory Evaluation of methanolic and aqueous Extracts of Euphorbia heterophyllaLinn (Euphorbiaceae). Afr. J. Biotech., 5(6), 529-531. | ||||
| Harborne, J. B. (1973). Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of plant Analysis. Chapman and Hall Limited: London. | ||||
| Homburger, F. (1989). In-vivo Testing in the Study of Toxicity and Safety Evaluation Guide to General Toxicology, Marquis J. K (ed.) 2nd edn, Karger, New York. Pp. 245-249. | ||||
| Jyotsna, A. P., Arun, J. P., & Sanjay, P. (2003). Biochemical effects of Various Pesticides on Sprayers of Grape garden. Indian Journ. Biochem., 18(21), 16-22. | ||||
| Knight, A. P., & Walter, R. G. (2001). Plants Affecting Blood: Bracken Fern Poisoning. In A.P. Knight & R. G. Walter (Eds.), A Guide to Plant Poisoning of Animals in North America. Burbank, CA, USA: Teton New Media, Pp.195-197. | ||||
| Kokwaro, J. O. (2000). Medicinal plants of West Africa. Africa Literature Bureau, Nairobi. | ||||
| Kubmarawa, D., Ajoku, G. A., Enwerem, N. M., Okorie, D. A. (2007). Preliminary Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Screening of 50 Medicinal Plants from Nigeria. Afr. Journ. Biotech., 6(14), 1690-1696. | ||||
| Lorke, D. A. (2003). New Approach to Practical Acute Toxicity Testing.Arch. Toxicol., 54: 275-286. Crossref |
||||
| Luskova, V., Svoboda, M., & Kolarova, J. (2002). The Effect of Diazinon on Blood Plasma Biochemistry in Carp (Cyprinuscarpio L). Acta Vet. Brno., 71, 117-123. Crossref |
||||
| Mc Knight, D. C., Mills, R. G., Bray, J. J., & Crag, J. J. (1999). Human Physiology. 4th Edn., Churchill, Livingstone, 290-294. | ||||
| Okoli, A. S., & Iroegbu, C.U. (2004). Evaluation and Extracts of Anthocleistadjalonensis, Nauclea latifolia and Uvariaafzalii for Activity Against Bacterial Isolates from Cases of Non-Gonococcal Urethritis. J. Ethnopharmacol., 92(1), 135-144. Crossref |
||||
| Olatunji, G. A., & Atolani O. (2009). Comprehensive Scientific Demystification of Kigelia Africana. Afr. Journ.pure and appl. Chem., 3(9), 158-164. | ||||
| Olusegun, O., John-Dewole, O., Oyedunni, P. (2013). Chemical, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Screening of Extracts of B. sapidafor Agricultural and Medicinal Relevances. Nat. Sci.,11(10), 12-17. | ||||
| Pincus, M. R., Tierno, P. M., Fenelus, M., Bowne, W. B., & Bluth, M. H. (2011). Evaluation of liver function. In: McPherson, R. A, Pincus, M. R, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders, 1: 2011. Crossref |
||||
| Rej, R. (1989). Aminotransferase in Disease. Clin. Lab. Med., 9(4), 667- 87. | ||||
| Sofowora, A. (1999). African medicinal Plants.Medicinal Plant Research in Nigeria. Spectrum Books limited Ibadan. Pp. 455-462. | ||||
| Sofowora, A. (2008). Medicinal plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. 3rd ed, Spectrum Books limited Ibadan. | ||||
| Tédong, L., Dzeufiet, P. D. D., Dimo, T., Asongalem, E. A., Sokeng, S. D., Flejou, J. F., Callard, P., & Kamtchouing, P. (2007). Acute and Subchronic Toxicity of Anacardiumoccidentale Linn (Anacardiaceae) Leaves Hexane Extract in Mice. Afri. Journ. Trad. Complem. Alter. Med., 4(2), 140-147. | ||||
| Tona, L., Kanbu, K., Nigimbi, N., Cimanga, K., & Vietinck, A. J. (2008). Anti-Amoebic and Phytochemical Screening of some Congolese Medicinal Plant. Journ. Ethnopharmacol., 61(1), 57-65. Crossref |
||||
| Trease, G. E., & Evans, W. C. (2009).Pharmacognosy, New Edition, Bailliere Tindal, London, Pp. 225-255. | ||||
| Vaghasiya, Y. K., Shukla, V. J., & Chanda, S. V. (2011). Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Plucheaargutaboiss Extract in Mice. J. Pharmacol and Toxicol., 6, 113-123. Crossref |
||||
| Wu, K. K., & Thyagarajan, P. (1996). Role of Endothelium in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Ann. Rev. Med., 47, 15. | ||||
Copyright © 2025 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.