JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org
Blends of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) and bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) improve the growth performance and economics of production of broiler chickens
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2025.534 | Article Number: EE403BC41 | Vol.10 (2) - April 2025
Received Date: 05 January 2025 | Accepted Date: 06 February 2025 | Published Date: 30 April 2025
Authors: Maidala, A.* , Lawan, A. , Amaza, I. B. , Makinde, O. J. and Sudik, S. D.
Keywords: antibiotics, performance., blend, bitter leaf, lemon grass
An experiment was conducted to assess the proximate and phytochemical analyses of blend of lemon grass and bitter leaf compared to lemon grass and bitter leaf alone on growth performance and economics of production of production of broiler chickens. 200 g each of lemon grass and bitter leaf and 200g each of lemon grass and bitter leaf to make the blend (100g each) in a 50 litre gallon. The aqueous extracts of these phytogenic plants were fed to broiler chickens for eight (8) weeks. Three hundred-day-old chicks (300) were randomly allotted to four treatments, replicated five (5) times (fifteen birds per replicate) in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Birds on treatment one (1) were fed antibiotics as control. Results showed that proximate compositions were all affected (P<0.05) by blend of lemon grass and bitter leaf while all the phytochemicals were statistically similar (P>0.05). The performance parameters affected were daily weight gain (55.35-68.58g), feed conversion ratio (1.59-1.97), total feed cost (N1605.39- N 1819.71) and total feed cost/gain N/kg (N 523.70- N 628.76) (p<0.05). It was concluded that blends of lemon grass and bitter leaf improved growth parameters of broiler chickens compared to antibiotics, lemon grass and bitter leaf, it was recommended to poultry farmers to use the blend of lemon grass and bitter leaf as a source of phyto-additives for improve performance than antibiotics, bitter leaf and lemon grass alone.
| Abdelli, N., Solà-Oriol, D., & Pérez, J. F. (2021). Phytogenic feed additives in poultry: achievements, prospective and challenges. Animals, 11(12), 3471. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123471 |
||||
| Akorede, A. A., Bolu, S. A., Sola-Ojo, F. E., & Yusuf, O. A. (2021). Effects of graded levels of Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter) leaf meal based diets on performance of broilers chickens. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 23(2), 222-231. | ||||
| Al gawany, M., El-Saadony, M. T., Elnesr, S. S., Farahat, M., Attia, G., Madkour, M., & Reda, F. M. (2021). Use of lemongrass essential oil as a feed additive in quail's nutrition: its effect on growth, carcass, blood biochemistry, antioxidant and immunological indices, digestive enzymes and intestinal microbiota. Poultry science, 100(6), 101172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101172 |
||||
| Alabi, Q. K., & Adeyemi, W. J. (2021). Vernonia amygdalina (Del) as an antioxidant, aspirin toxicity, and oxidative stress. In Toxicology (pp. 491-504). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819092-0.00048-0 |
||||
| Ali, M., Muazu, L., Diso, S. U., & Ibrahim, I. S. (2020). Determination of proximate, phytochemicals and minerals composition of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf). Nutraceutical Research, 1(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.35702/nutri.10001 |
||||
| Amaza, I. B., Maidala, A., Sudik, S. D., & Makinde, J. O. (2023). Effects of Varying Levels of Lemon Grass Leaf Meal on Performance, Haematology and Serum Biochemical Indices of Broilers. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Environment and Social Sciences, 9(1), 14-28. https://doi.org/10.56160/jaeess2023/vol9iss1/002 |
||||
| AOAC (1990). Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Official Methods of analysis 15th Edition. Washington DC. | ||||
| Asaolu, M. F., Oyeyemi, O. A., & Olanlokun, J. O. (2009). Chemical compositions, phytochemical constituents and in vitro biological activity of various extracts of Cymbopogon citratus. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(12), 1920-1922. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.1920.1922 |
||||
| Diarra, M. S., & Malouin, F. (2014). Antibiotics in Canadian poultry productions and anticipated alternatives. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5, Article number 282. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00282 |
||||
| Haruna, M. A., Odunsi, A. A., Adeniji, T. Y., Adesokan, O. A., Akinwumi, A.O., & Onigbinde, A. (2024). Performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed diet supplemented with morinda lucida and Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal. proceedings of the 29th Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria 8 - 12, September 2024, Lagos, Nigeria | ||||
| Hasan-Al-Sharif, M., Hossain, M. M., Asha, A. S., & Al-Mamun, M. (2023). Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil improves gut health and production performance in broiler: A Review. International Journal of Current Science, 13(3), 788-801. | ||||
| Kamboh, A. A., Khan, M. A., Kaka, U., Awad, E. A., Memon, A. M., Saeed, M., Korejo, N.A., Bakhetgul, M. and Kumar, C. (2018). Effect of dietary supplementation of phytochemicals on immunity and haematology of growing broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 17(4), 1038-1043. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1438854 |
||||
| Maidala, A., Mahmud, M., & Musa, S. (2017). Growth performance and cost benefit analysis of broiler chickens fed phytogenic feed additives in semiarid environment of Bauchi State. Research Journal of Pure Science and Technology, 1(1) 42 -50. | ||||
| Mandey, J. S., Sompie, M., & Wolayan, F. R. (2022, February). Growth assessment of broiler chickens given bitter leaves (Vernonia amygdalina) as phyto-additive, potentially antimicrobial agents of lipids and amino acids. In 9th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production (ISTAP 2021) (pp. 21-25). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220207.005 |
||||
| Ofongo, R. T., Ohimain, E. I., & Iyayi, E. A. (2021). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of bitter and neem leaves and their potential as antimicrobial growth promoter in poultry feed. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 32(4), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2021/v32i430383 |
||||
| Ovi Maps (2014). Ovilocation map; Google earth imaginary. Date 6th March 2014. | ||||
| Paul, T. K., Hasan, M. M., Haque, M. A., Talukder, S., Sarker, Y. A., Sikder, M. H., Khan, M.A.H.N.A., Sakib, M. N., & Kumar, A. (2020). Dietary supplementation of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extracts improved growth performance and reduced production cost in broilers. Veterinary World, 13(6), 1050-1055. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1050-1055 |
||||
| Rafiu, T. A., R., Shittu, M. D., Adebomi, B. A., Hameed, I. A., Ajao, T. S., & Adewale, A. (2019). Utilization potential of catmint and better leaf aqueous-extracts on performance and physiological characteristics of broiler birds. International Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences, 6(6), 230-238. | ||||
| Rahman, M. R. T., Fliss, I., & Biron, E. (2022). Insights in the development and uses of alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry and swine production. Antibiotics, 11(6), 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060766 |
||||
| SAS (2002). Statistical Analysis System, Inc. User's Guide. Statistic version for windows. SAS Software, version 9.2 Cary, North Carolina USA. | ||||
| Shendurse, A. M., Sangwan, R. B., Kumar, A., Ramesh, V., Patel, A. C., Gopikrishna, G., & Roy, S. K. (2021). Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaves essential oil. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 10(2), 445-449. | ||||
| Sofowora, E. A., Olaniyi, A. A., & Oguntimehin, B. O. (1982). Phytochemical investigation of some Nigerian plants against fever. Plant Medicine, 28, 186-189. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1097851 |
||||
| Sogunle, O. (2015). Non-ruminant animal production and husbandry. Poultry Production. Pp. 42-51. | ||||
| Thorat, P. P., Sawate, A. R., Patil, B. M., & Kshirsagar, R. B. (2017). Proximate and phytonutrient content of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) leaf extract and preparation of herbal cookies. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 5(6), 758-762. | ||||
| Udochukwu, U., Omeje, F. I., Uloma, I. S., & Oseiwe, F. D. (2015). Phytochemical analysis of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum extracts and their antibacterial activity on some drug resistant bacteria. American Journal of Research Communication, 3(5), 225-235. | ||||
| Umoru, J. I. A., & Agbaye, F. P. (2022). Performance and organ weight of broiler chickens fed graded levels of mixture of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal-based diets. World Rural World Rural Observations, 14(1), 47-51. | ||||
| Usunomena, U., & Okolie, P. (2016). Phytochemical analysis and proximate composition of Vernonia amygdalina. International Journal of Scientific World, 4(1), 2-14. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v4i1.5845 |
||||
Copyright © 2025 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.