JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org
Mitigative Effects of Molasses, Antox® and EN-FLORAX® on Haematological Parameters in Commercial Pullets Infected with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2024.506 | Article Number: 6075FB1F12 | Vol.9 (6) - December 2024
Received Date: 12 November 2024 | Accepted Date: 10 December 2024 | Published Date: 30 December 2024
Authors: Andamin, A. D.* , Abdu, P. A. , Bisalla, M. , Oladele, S. B. , Maikifi, S. A. and Aluwong, T.
Keywords: Isa Brown, Blood, Supplements; molasses, Antox®, EN-FLORAX®, vvIBDV.
The study evaluated the mitigative effects of Molasses, Antox® and EN-FLORAX® on haematological parameters of ISA brown chicks inoculated with a very virulent infectious bursal disease (vvIBDV). Two hundred and fifty chicks were assigned into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) of 50 chicks each. Groups A, B and C were supplemented with Molasses, Antox® and EN-FLORAX®, respectively daily through drinking water from 1 to 49 days while D and E were not administered supplements and served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Groups A, B, C and D were inoculated with a vvIBDV at 28 days while E was not inoculated. Blood samples were collected from all the groups at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days, and processed using standard laboratory procedures. Results revealed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, red blood cell (RBC) and thrombocyte counts in Groups A, B and C compared to D at 35, 42 and 49 days. Total white blood cell (TWBC), heterophils and lymphocyte counts were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in groups A, B and C than in group D at 35, 42 and 49 days. The heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio) between groups A, B, C and D differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The haematological changes induced by vvIBDV were mitigated by the supplements in this study. Therefore, Molasses, Antox® and EN-FLORAX® could be administered to mitigate haematological alterations due to vvIBDV infection in poultry.
| Abdu, P. A. (1986). Infectious bursal disease immunisation failures in chickens in Nigeria. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 18(2), 123-125 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02359726 |
||||
| Abdu, P., Andamin, A. D., Orakpoghenor, O., Akade, F. T., Sani, D., Aluwong, T., & Markus, T. P. (2023). Antox® and Bactofort® Improved Alterations in Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Induced by a Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in ISA Brown Chicks. Scientific Reports in Life Sciences, 4(1), 69-84. | ||||
| Adamu, J., Owoade, A. A., Abdu, P. A., Kazeem, H. M., & Fatihu, M. Y. (2013). Characterization of field and vaccine infectious bursal disease viruses from Nigeria revealing possible virulence and regional markers in the VP2 minor hydrophilic peaks. Avian Pathology, 42(5), 420-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2013.822055 |
||||
| Aliyu, H. B., Sa'idu, L., Jamilu, A., Andamin, A. D., & Akpavie, S. O. (2016). Outbreaks of virulent infectious bursal disease in flocks of battery cage brooding system of commercial chickens. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2016(1), 8182160. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8182160 |
||||
| Andamin, A. D. (2021). Effects of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic on clinico-pathological changes, antibody response and performance in commercial pullets experimentally infected with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus. PhD Thesis; 2019/2020 Session. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria, 231p. | ||||
| Andamin, A. D., Abdu, P. A., Akade, F. T., Orakpoghenor, O., & Aluwong, T. (2021). Antox® and Bactofort® mitigated the haematological alterations induced by a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in chicks. Veterinary Research Communications, 45, 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-021-09790-7 |
||||
| Andamin, A. D., Orakpoghenor, O., Markus, T. P., Akade, F. T., Abdu, P. A., & Aluwong, T. (2023). Supplements Administration during Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infection in Poultry: Evaluation of the Effects of Prebiotic, Probiotic and synbiotic on the haematoloical alterations in commercial pullets. Open Access Journal of Veterinary Sciences & Research, 8(2), 000247. https://doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000247 |
||||
| Andamin, A., Abdu, P., Orakpoghenor, O., Markus, T., Oladele, S., Akade, F., & Aluwong, T. (2022). Molasses, Antox® and EN-FLORAX® decreased antibody decay rate and enhanced response to a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus and Newcastle disease vaccine La Sota in ISA Brown chicks. Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, 43(5), 546-556. https://doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2022.2036188 |
||||
| Bandyopadhyay, B., & Narayan, C. M. (2014). Prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics -In health improvement by modulating gut microbiota: International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 3, 410 420. | ||||
| Cakιr, S., Midilli, M., Alp, M., Ylιmaz, H., Muglal, O. H., Turan, N., & Kocabaglι, N. (2008). Effects of dietary probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on growth performance and serum IgG concentration of broilers. South African Journal of Animal Science, 38(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v38i1.4104 |
||||
| Campbell, T. W.. & Ellis, C.K. (2007). Haematology of birds. In: Campbell, T.W., Ellis, C.K. (eds.). Avian and Exotic Animal Haematology and Cytology (Third edition) Blackwell Publishing Professional, Ames (I.A), USA. Pp. 3-50. | ||||
| Cheville, N. F. (1967). Studies on the pathogenesis of Gumboro disease in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus of the chicken. The American journal of pathology, 51(4), 527-551. | ||||
| Clinchy, M., Zanette, L, Boonstra, R., Wingfield, JC., Smith, JNM (2004). Balancing food and predator pressure induces chronic stress in songbirds. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Science. Pp. 2473-2479. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2913 |
||||
| Davani-Davari, D., Negahdaripour, M., Karimzadeh, I., Seifan, M., Mohkam, M., Masoumi, S. J., Berenjian, A., & Ghasemi, Y. (2019). Prebiotics: definition, types, sources, mechanisms, and clinical applications. Foods, 8(3), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8030092 |
||||
| De Vrese, M., & Schrezenmeir, A. J. (2008). Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. In: Food biotechnology. Springer Nature. Pp. 1-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2008_097 |
||||
| El-Lethey, H., Huber-Eicher, B., & Jungi, T. W. (2003). Exploration of stress-induced immunosuppression in chickens reveals both stress-resistant and stress-susceptible antigen responses. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 95(3-4), 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00308-2 |
||||
| Gary, D. B., & Richard, D. M. (2015). Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro) in commercial broilers. Bulletin of the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences VM84, University of Florida. | ||||
| Guillot, J. F. (1998). Les probiotiques en alimentation animale. Cahiers Agricultures, 7, 49-54. | ||||
| Hochleithner, M. (1994). Avian medicine: Principles and application. In: Ritchie, B. W., Harrison, G. J., & Harrison, L. R. (eds). Biochemistries. Wingers Publishing Inc., Lake Worth, FL. Pp. 223-245. | ||||
| Jain, N. C. (1986). Schalm's Veterinary Haematology, 4th Edn, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Lea and Febiger. Pp. 747-748. | ||||
| Juranova, R., Nga, N. T., Kulikova, L., & Jurajda, V. (2001). Pathogenicity of Czech isolates of infectious bursal disease virus. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 70(4), 425-431. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200170040425 |
||||
| Kabir, S. L., Rahman, M. M., Rahman, M. B., Rahman, M. M., & Ahmed, S. U. (2004). The dynamics of probiotics on growth performance and immune response in broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3(5), 361-364. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.361.364 |
||||
| Ley, K., Laudanna, C., Cybulsky, M. I., & Nourshargh, S. (2007). Getting to the site of inflammation: the leukocyte adhesion cascade updated. Nature Reviews Immunology, 7(9), 678-689. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2156 |
||||
| Liang, J., Yin, Y., Qin, T., & Yang, Q. (2015). Chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells maturation in response to infectious bursal disease virus. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 164(1-2), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.12.012 |
||||
| Mohammed, A. A., Jacobs, J. A., Murugesan, G. R., & Cheng, H. W. (2018). Effect of dietary synbiotic supplement on behavioral patterns and growth performance of broiler chickens reared under heat stress. Poultry science, 97(4), 1101-1108. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex421 |
||||
| Moreno, J., Merino, S., MartÍnez, J., Sanz, J., & Arriero, E. (2002). Heterophil/lymphocyte ratios and heat-shock protein levels are related to growth in nestling birds. Ecoscience, 9(4), 434-439. https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2002.11682731 |
||||
| Oladele, O. A., Adene, D. F., Obi, T. U., Nottidge, H. O., & Aiyedun, A. I. (2005). Sequential hematological study of experimental infectious bursal disease virus infection in chickens, turkeys and ducks. Revue D'elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire Des Pays Tropicaux, 58, 211-215. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9914 |
||||
| Orakpoghenor, O., Oladele, S. B., Abdu, P. A., Markus, T. P., Andamin, A. D., & Esievo, K. A. N. (2021b). Comparative pathological changes induced by very virulent infectious bursal disease virus infection in inoculated, sentinel pigeons and chickens. Open Veterinary Science, 2(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1515/ovs-2020-0108 |
||||
| Orakpoghenor, O., Oladele, S. B., Abdu, P. A., Markus, T. P., Enam, S. J., Andamin, A. D., Muhammed, M. S., Usman, S.G., & Esievo, K. A. N. (2021a). Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) Are Susceptible to Infectious Bursal Disease: A Comparative Study of Their Hematological and Serum Biochemical Alterations. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 673398. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.673398 |
||||
| Panigraphy, B., Rowe, L. D., & Corrier, D. E. (1986). Haematological values and changes in blood chemistry in chickens with infectious bursal disease. Research in Veterinary Science, 40(1), 86-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-5288(18)30490-9 |
||||
| Pimentel, J. L., Gerger, J. L., Cook, M. E., & Stahl, L. J. (1998). Iron metabolism in chicks fed various levels of zinc and copper. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 3(3), 140-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2863(92)90107-T |
||||
| Ross, J. G., Christie, G., Halliday, W. G., & Jones, R. M. (1976). Determination of haematology and blood chemistry values in healthy six‐week old broiler hybrids. Avian Pathology, 5(4), 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457608418196 |
||||
| Schrezenmeir, J., & de Vrese, M. (2001). Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-approaching a definition. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 73(2), 361s-364s. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/73.2.361s |
||||
| Scope, A., Filip, T., Gabler, C., & Resch, F. (2002). The influence of stress from transport and handling on hematologic and clinical chemistry blood parameters of racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Avian diseases, 46(1), 224-229. https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0224:TIOSFT]2.0.CO;2 |
||||
| Weiss, E., & Kaufer-Weiss, I. (June 1994). Pathology and pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Infectious Bursal Disease and Chicken Infectious Anaemia. Rauischholzhausen, Germany. Pp. 21-24. | ||||
| Zeryehun, T., Hair-Bejo, M., & Rasedee, A. (2012). Hemorrhagic and clotting abnormalities in infectious bursal disease in specific-pathogen-free chicks. World Applied Sciences Journal, 16(98), 1123-1130. | ||||
Copyright © 2025 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.