JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org
Comparison of phenotypic traits and chemical composition of egg from chicken (Gallus gallus) and Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2024.458 | Article Number: 347AA4405 | Vol.9 (4) - August 2024
Received Date: 23 July 2024 | Accepted Date: 08 August 2024 | Published Date: 30 August 2024
Authors: Etukudo, O. M.* , Adam, A. J. , Ekerette, E. E. , Bassey, N. S and Robinson, U. F.
Keywords: composition, traits., evaluation, egg, chemical, phenotypic, Gallus gallus, Numida Meleagris
Due to the rapid increase in the global population, there is a corresponding increase in the demand for daily protein and mineral requirements, thus, emphasizing the need for cost-effective and readily available protein sources. The study evaluates the phenotypic traits (shell weight, shell thickness, yolk weight, and albumen weight) and chemical composition (yolk moisture, yolk protein, yolk fat, albumen moisture, albumen protein, albumen fat, crude fibre, crude protein, moisture, oil, ash, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, and P) of poultry eggs (Gallus gallus and Numida meleagris eggs) procured from DMJ Etukudo Poultry Farm and Resources in Ukanafun Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The eggs were weighed and cooked, thereafter, the shells were removed and, the yolks and the whites (albumen) were separated, sliced, weighed and oven-dried at 75oC to a constant weight. The egg shells were boiled for 10 to 15 minutes in a 5% Sodium Hydroxide Solution to remove the proteinaceous membrane. The egg shells' thickness was measured using a Venier calliper after rinsing in water and oven-dried. Proximate analyses, mineral composition and correlation analyses were conducted. Significant differences (p<0.01) were observed in proximate and mineral compositions among the egg powders of the two poultry egg types studied. Proximate analysis revealed high protein, oil and, low fibre contents among the two poultry egg types. Mineral analysis indicated high levels of Ca, P, Mg, K, Zn and Fe, across all poultry types. There was a negative and lower correlation significant (p<0.05) level between albumen moisture (ALM) and yolk protein (YKP) of Gallus gallus, with the coefficient correlation of -0.5131, all other parameters measured were negatively and non-significantly (P > 0.05) correlated. The high protein and low fat and fiber contents suggest that Gallus gallus and Numida meleagris egg powder could be used as additives for food fortification to meet the global demand for protein.
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