JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND DISEASES
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2705-2214
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JPHD
Start Year: 2018
Email: jphd@integrityresjournals.org
Determinants of geospatial distribution of parasitaemia among patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ondo State, Southwest, Nigeria
https://doi.org/10.31248/JPHD2020.059 | Article Number: F6A1A9242 | Vol.3 (3) - June 2020
Received Date: 19 February 2020 | Accepted Date: 12 March 2020 | Published Date: 30 June 2020
Authors: Omoya Funmilola Oluyemi* and Odetunde Elizabeth Toyin
Keywords: Malaria, parasitaemia, Coordinates, risk map.
: Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites which is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. It remains one of the most deadly diseases globally and especially in the tropical nations of the world. In the clinical setting, the level of parasitaemia is useful as one of the criteria in defining “severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria” and to monitor the effect of anti-malarial therapy. Mapping is a known vital tool in the control and elimination of malaria globally. In this study, blood samples were collected from 415 malaria infected patients in the outpatient department of 10 randomly selected government hospitals. Coordinates of the patients’ address were taken, geocoding, mapping and cartographic display were carried out. Thin and thick blood smear preparations and microscopy were conducted on the blood samples collected from outpatients attending some selected government hospitals and percentage parasitaemia were determined. Ondo North Senatorial District had the highest mean parasitaemia of 1.06% while Ondo South had the least mean parasitaemia (0.89%). The risk map revealed that majority of patients in Ondo North 26.05% (31/119) and few in Ondo Central 12.73% (21/165) senatorial district had high malaria burden with high parasitaemia (2.62 to 5.1% parasitaemia). Based on the malaria map developed, this study could be used as guide in monitoring the efficacy of antimalarial therapy and provide information for malaria control intervention in Ondo State.
| Abdulazeez, A. M., Ya'u, M., & Kurfi, B. (2017). Association of hypertension and activity of angiotensin converting enzyme in malaria patients attending Sheik Muhammad Jidda General Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 14(2), 121-126. Crossref |
||||
| Adepeju, I. S. (2017). Prevalence of malaria parasite among asymptomatic and symptomatic Students of Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State. British Journal Research, 4(5), 5p. | ||||
| Akanbi, O. M., Badaki, J. A., Adeniran, O. Y., & Olotu, O. O. (2010). Effect of blood group and demographic characteristics on malaria infection, oxidative stress and haemoglobin levels in South Western Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(9), 877-880. | ||||
| Akinbo, F. O., Adetitun, A. J., Aruomaren, A. I., & Okaka, C. E. (2013). Asymptomatic Malaria Infection and Anaemia among Secondary School Children in Ipogun, Ondo State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Life Science, 3, 24-29. | ||||
| Ali, H., Ahsan, T., Mahmood, T., Bakht, S. F., Farooq, M. U., & Ahmed, N. (2008). Parasite density and the spectrum of clinical illness in falciparum malaria. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 18(6), 362-368. | ||||
| Amino, R., Giovannini, D., Thiberge, S., Gueirard, P., Boisson, B., Dubremetz, J. F., Prévost, M. C., Ishino, T., Yuda, M., & Ménard, R. (2008). Host cell traversal is important for progression of the malaria parasite through the dermis to the liver. Cell host & microbe, 3(2), 88-96. Crossref |
||||
| Amino, R., Thiberge, S., Martin, B., Celli, S., Shorte, S., Frischknecht, F., & Ménard, R. (2006). Quantitative imaging of Plasmodium transmission from mosquito to mammal. Nature Medicine, 12(2), 220-224. Crossref |
||||
| Bhalli, M. A., & Samiullah (2001). Samiullah. Falciparum Malaria-A review of 120 cases. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 11(5), 300-3. | ||||
| Castellanos, A., Chaparro-Narváez, P., Morales-Plaza, C. D., Alzate, A., Padilla, J., Arévalo, M., & Herrera, S. (2016). Malaria in gold-mining areas in Colombia. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 111(1), 59-66. Crossref |
||||
| Cheesbrough, M. (2006). District laboratory practice in tropical countries (2nd Edition). Cambridge university press, Cambridge, UK. Pp. 165-176. Crossref |
||||
| Dawaki, S., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Ithoi, I., Ibrahim, J., Atroosh, W. M., Abdulsalam, A. M., Sady, H., Elyana, F. N., Adamu, A. U., Yelwa, S. I., & Ahmed, A. (2016). Is Nigeria winning the battle against malaria? Prevalence, risk factors and KAP assessment among Hausa communities in Kano State. Malaria Journal, 15, Article Number 351. Crossref |
||||
| El Sayed, B. B., Arnot, D. E., Mukhtar, M. M., Baraka, O. Z., Dafalla, A. A., Elnaiem, D. E. A., & Nugud, A. H. D. (2000). A study of the urban malaria transmission problem in Khartoum. Acta tropica, 75(2), 163-171. Crossref |
||||
| Ferrari, G., Ntuku, H. M., Schmidlin, S., Diboulo, E., Tshefu, A. K., & Lengeler, C. (2016). A malaria risk map of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Malaria Journal, 15, Article number 27. Crossref |
||||
| Hassan, A. N., El Nogoumy, N., & Kassem, H. A. (2013). Characterization of landscape features associated with mosquito breeding in urban Cairo using remote sensing. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 16(1), 63-69. Crossref |
||||
| Kepha, S., Nikolay, B., Nuwaha, F., Mwandawiro, C. S., Nankabirwa, J., Ndibazza, J., Cano, J., Matoke-Muhia, D., Pullan, R. L., Allen, E., & Halliday, K. E. (2016). Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia and clinical malaria among school children living in a high transmission setting in western Kenya. Malaria Journal, 15, Article Number 157. Crossref |
||||
| Kochar, D. K., Kochar, S. K., Agrawal, R. P., Sabir, M., Nayak, K. C., Agrawal, T. D., Purohit, V. P., & Gupta, R. P. (2006). The changing spectrum of severe falciparum malaria: a clinical study from Bikaner (northwest India). Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 43(3), 104-108. | ||||
| Kunihya, I. Z., Samaila, A. B., Nassai, I., Sarki, A., Haruna, M. Y. (2016). Prevalence of malaria infection among children attending Specialist Hospital Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Journal of Medical and Biological Science Research, 2 (8), 136-142. | ||||
| Machault, V., Vignolles, C., Borchi, F., Vounatsou, P., Pages, F., Briolant, S., & Rogier, C. (2011). The use of remotely sensed environmental data in the study of malaria. Geospatial Health, 5(2), 151-168. Crossref |
||||
| Michael, G. (2009). Nigerian Religious Leaders join forces to fight malaria. Washinghton post company, 1: 2. | ||||
| Millar, S. B., & Cox-Singh, J. (2015). Human infections with Plasmodium knowlesi-zoonotic malaria. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 21(7), 640-648. Crossref |
||||
| Mohapatra, M. K. (2006). The natural history of complicated P. falciparum malaria: A prospective study. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 54, 848-53. | ||||
| Murthy, G. L., Sahay, R. K., Srinivasan, V. R., Upadhaya, A. C., Shantaram, V., & Gayatri, K. (2000). Clinical profile of falciparum malaria in a tertiary care hospital. Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 98(4), 160-162. | ||||
| Nwaorgu, O. C., & Orajaka, B. N. (2011). Prevalence of malaria among children 1-10 years old in communities in awka north local government area, Anambra State South East Nigeria. African Research Review, 5(5), 264-281. Crossref |
||||
| Obimakinde, E. T., & Simon-Oke, I. A. (2017). The prevalence of malaria infection among patients attending the health centre of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. Interantional Journal of Tropical Disease and Health, 27(4), 1-7. Crossref |
||||
| Ogah, A. O., Ezeonwumelu, J. O. C., Okoruwa, A. G., Adiukwu, C. P., Ajayi, A. M., & Akib, S. (2013). Manifestations of severe malaria among the under-five children attending Kampala international university teaching hospital, Bushenyi, western Uganda: pilot study. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 4(4), 128-135. Crossref |
||||
| Okafor, F. U., & Oko-Ose, J. N. (2012). Prevalence of malaria infections among children aged six months to eleven years (6 months-11years) in a tertiary institution in Benin City, Nigeria. Global Advanced Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 1(10), 273-279. | ||||
| Omoya F. O., & Oyabola, T. F. (2018). Effects of some micronutrients on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 10(1), 21-27. Crossref |
||||
| Omoya, F. O. (2017a). The relationship between malnutrition, immunity and malaria transmission in children. International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2(2), 53-59. | ||||
| Omoya, F. O. (2017b). Co-infection of malaria and typhoid fever among pregnant women attending primary health care centre, Ojo Local Government, Lagos, Nigeria. Health Science Journal, 11(2), Article Number 495. Crossref |
||||
| Reuben, R., (1993). Women and malaria-special risks and appropriate control strategy. Social Science and Medicine, 37(4), 473-480. Crossref |
||||
| Roll Back Malaria Partnership (RBMP) (2007). A guide to gender and malaria resources. Roll Back Malaria Partnership, Geneva. | ||||
| Rowe, J. A., Obiero, J., Marsh, K., & Raza, A. (2002). Positive correlation between rosetting and parasitemia in Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 66(5), 458-460. Crossref |
||||
| Ta, T. H., Hisam, S., Lanza, M., Jiram, A. I., Ismail, N., & Rubio, J. M. (2014). First case of a naturally acquired human infection with Plasmodium cynomolgi. Malaria Journal, 13, Article Number 68. Crossref |
||||
| UNDP Discussion Paper (2015 December). Gender and Malaria. | ||||
| World Health Organisation (WHO) (2015). World Malaria Report. Geneva: World Health Organisation. | ||||
| World Health Organization (WHO) (2007). Gender, Health and Malaria, WHO, Geneva, 2007, | ||||
| World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). Malaria Report Sheet for 2017. WHO's World Malaria factsheet, 2017 Geneva, Switzerland. Pp. 7-9. | ||||
| World Medical Association (WMA) (2001). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Bulletin World Health Organ, 79, 373-374. | ||||
| Worrall, E., Basu, S., & Hanson, K. (2002). The relationship between socio-economic status and malaria: a review of the literature. Background paper for Ensuring that malaria control interventions reach the poor, London. 46p. Link |
||||
| Zakeri, S., Najafabadi, S. T., Zare, A., & Djadid, N. D. (2002). Detection of malaria parasites by nested PCR in south-eastern, Iran: evidence of highly mixed infections in Chahbahar district. Malaria Journal, 1, Article number 2. Crossref |
||||
Copyright © 2026 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.