Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals

ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org

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The relationship of the ruminant microbiome to animal health and disease: A review

https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2025.611   |   Article Number: B90E5C125   |   Vol.10 (6) - December 2025

Received Date: 29 September 2025   |   Accepted Date: 15 December 2025  |   Published Date: 30 December 2025

Authors:  Randy H. Burnett* , Felicity J. Allison , Mackenzie R. Beaird , Natalie R. Blake , Ashlyn M. Brown , Makenzie D. Chandler , Stephanie N. Davis , Ariann]a M. Dastillon , Haley N. Gibson , Robyn E. Gossard , Caleb A. Hays , Ashley E. Hollis , Taylor J. Ivy , Madilyn M. Patterson , Caelan M. Pearson , Emma A. Rich , Kasmine B. Roberston , Brienna N. Shaw , Katie L. Smith , Chase A. Stanberry , Shelby G. Thomason , Lauren N. Thompson , Hannah E. Walters and Jacob M. Wylie

Keywords: ruminant, Animal health and disease, microbiome

ABSTRACT

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Animal scientists, veterinarians, and food-animal producers relate the health and well-being of animals to their internal and external environmental surroundings, as a result of either stressors or stimulants that can impact the production and efficiency of those animals. As more research has been conducted to understand how to mitigate stressors or promote stimulants in an environment, it can, in turn, potentially impact the colonies of microbiota that also maintain the well-being of an animal and its efficiency to be productive. That is, until the animal's microbiome is altered, which can lead to untimely and unproductive diseases in various organ systems. This review aims to understand the relationship between the microbiome of ruminant species and its relationship to animal health and disease. The knowledge presented in this manuscript is focused on particularly the understanding/background of current literature published in animal science, microbiome, microbiology, and animal health and disease from the past 100 years of published data about the microbiome, the microbiome of different organ systems located in the ruminant animal model, and the relationship of the microbiome of those ruminant animal model organ systems when in homeostasis or in the presence of disease. The findings of this review manuscript conclude the relationship between the microbiome of the ruminant animal model and its associated responses to health and disease.

 

Abbreviations: AI, Artificial insemination; BRD, Bovine Respiratory Disease; PGE2, Prostaglandin E-2; PGF2α, Prostaglandin F-2α; VFAs, Volatile Fatty Acids.

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