JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org
Effect of variously-processed rubber seed meals on reproductive performance: The use of Sprague-Dawley laboratory rats as model for pigs
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.144 | Article Number: B5FBBC093 | Vol.4 (5) - October 2019
Received Date: 30 April 2019 | Accepted Date: 08 June 2019 | Published Date: 30 October 2019
Authors: Hannah Moncon Farr , Armstrong Donkoh* , Michael Boateng and Kwesi Boadu Mensah
Keywords: Sprague-Dawley rat, pig, reproductive performance, rubber seed meal.
The study aimed to determine the potential adverse effects of variously-processed rubber seed meals on the reproductive performance, postnatal growth and offspring survival rate using the Sprague-Dawley laboratory rat as model for pigs. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley female rats with an average initial body weight of 154.0 g were randomly allotted into 6 groups designated as T1 control (no rubber seed meal), T2 raw rubber seed meal, T3 soaked rubber seed meal, T4 sundried rubber seed meal, T5 boiled rubber seed meal and T6 roasted rubber seed meal. The diets were prepared with various types of rubber seed meals incorporated at the level of 0 g kg-1 (control diet, T!) and 100 g kg-1 of each of the five rubber seed meal-containing diets. The study was conducted for 70 days and parameters studied included: feed intake, number of fertile females, pregnancy index, gestation length (length of pregnancy), number of pups born, number of pups born alive, live birth index and number of still births. Upon parturition (day 1), pups were individually counted, weighed and examined for external malformations. Other parameters evaluated were number of pubs weaned and mortality of pups. The inclusion of various types of rubber seed meals in the diets did not alter the general health of all the experimental rats. With the exception of rats on the T6 diet, all other rats recorded successful mating and pregnancies. There were no significant (p>0.05) difference in the gestation length (22 to 23 days) and all the pregnant rats delivered normally. No external malformations were observed in any of the pups delivered. No significant (p>0.05) differences in the maternal body weight (199.8 g), litter size (4.0 to 10), pup birth weight (4.88 to 7.07 g) and number of pups weaned (3.33 to 9.67) were observed. However, dietary treatments significantly (p<0.05) influenced weaning weight (29.60 to 48.25 g) and post-natal mortality of pups, with those on the T1 (control) and the T4 diets having the highest mortalities of 2.67 and 2.33, respectively. Based on the findings of the present study, up to 100 g of the raw and the variously-processed rubber seed meals could be included in 1 kg diets of laboratory rats without compromising on the health and reproductive performance in terms of reproductive toxicity or complications in pregnancy, delivery and other reproductive indices studied.
| Aguihe, P. C., Kehinde, A. S., Ospina-Rojas, C. I., & Murakami, A. E. (2017). Evaluation of processing methods of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed meal used as feed ingredient for broiler chickens. Journal of Poultry Research, 14(1), 20-27. | ||||
| Auger, J., Eustache, F., Rouiller-Fabre, V., Canivenc-Lavier, M. C., & Livera, G. (2014). Integrative rodent models for assessing male reproductive toxicity of environmental endocrine active substances. Asian Journal of Andrology, 16(1), 6-70. Crossref |
||||
| Bindari, Y. R., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, N., & Gaire, T. N. (2013). Effects of nutrition in reproduction - a review. Applied Science Research, 4(1), 421-429. | ||||
| Dey, S. K., Lim, H., Das, S. K., Reese, J., Paria, B. C., Daikoku, T., & Wang, H. (2004). Molecular cues to implantation. Endocrine Reviews, 25, 341-373. Crossref |
||||
| Eka, H. D., Tajus Aris, Y., & Wan Nadiah, W. A. (2010). Potential use of Malaysian rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed as food, feed and biofuel. International Food Research Journal, 17, 527-534. | ||||
| Farr, H. M., Donkoh, A., Boateng, M., & Mensah, K. B. (2019). Evaluation of methods of processing rubber meal in terms of chemical composition and energy values. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 31 (issue 6) | ||||
| Fernando, R. (1987). Plant poisoning in Sri Lanka. In: Progress in Venom and Toxin Research. Proceedings of the 1st Asia-Pacific Congress in Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Pp. 624-627. | ||||
| Genstat Discovery Edition 3 (2007). VSN International Software for Biosciences, United Kingdom. | ||||
| Goodband, R. D., Tokach, M. D., Goncalves, M. A. D., Woodworth, J. C., Dritz, S. S., & DeRouchy, J. M. (2013). Nutritional enhancement during pregnancy and its effects on reproduction in swine. Animal Frontiers, 3(4), 68-75. Crossref |
||||
| Hajalizadeh, Z., Dayani, O., Khezri, A., Tahmasbi, R. & Mohammadabadi, M. R. (2019). The effect of adding fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed powder to the diet of fattening lambs on performance, carcass characteristics and liver enzymes. Small Ruminant Research, 175, 72-77. Crossref |
||||
| Hamid, H.Y. & Zuki, A.B.Z. (2013). Reproduction characteristics of the female laboratory rat. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(19), 2510-2514. | ||||
| Iannaconne, P. M., & Jacob, J. (2007). Rats. Diseases Models Mechanisms, 2(5-6), 206-210. Crossref |
||||
| Kamalzadeh, A., Koops, W.J. & Kiasat, A. (2009). Effect of qualitative feed restriction on energy metabolism and nitrogen retention in sheep. South African Journal of Animal Science, 39(1), 30-39. Crossref |
||||
| Khodabakhshzadeh, R., Mohamadabadi, M. R., Esmailizadeh, A. K., Moradi Shahrebabak, H., Bordbar, F., & Ansari Namin, S. (2016). Identification of point mutations in exon 2 of GDF9 gene in Kermani sheep. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 19(2), 281-289. Crossref |
||||
| Lee, K. Y., & DeMay, F. J. (2004). Animal models of implantation. Reproduction, 128, 679 - 695. Crossref |
||||
| Myreseyed, F., Shiravi, A., & Nasr-Abadi, M. (2008). The effect of intraperitoneal injection of alcoholic extract of Foeniculum vulgare seed on gonadotropin and testosterone hormones in male Wistar rats. Journal of Animal Biology, 1, 49-52. | ||||
| Narahari, D., & Kothandaraman, P. (1983). Influence of processing and storage on hydrogen cyanide and tannin content of para-rubber seed and its products. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology, 9, 319-324. Crossref |
||||
| National Research Council (1998). Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals. Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 10th Revised Edition. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. | ||||
| Okafor, P. N., & Anyanwu, N. O. (2006). Enzymatic and oven drying method of processing rubber seeds for animal feed and the evaluation of toxicity of such feed in rats. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5(1), 45-48. | ||||
| Robinson, J. J., Ashworth, C. J., Rooke, J. A. Mitchell, L. M. & McEvoy, T. G. (2006). Nutrition and fertility in ruminant livestock. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 126, 259-276. Crossref |
||||
| Roche, J. R., Burke, C. R., Meier, S., & Walker, C. G. (2011). Nutrition X reproduction interaction in pasture-based systems: is nutrition a factor in reproductive failure? Animal Production Science, 51(12), 1045-1066. Crossref |
||||
| Schumacher, L. N., Husson, Z., & Smith, E. S. (2015). The naked mole rat as an animal model in biomedical research: current perspectives. Open Access Animal Physiology, 7, 137-148. Crossref |
||||
| Sharma, B. B., Saha, R. K., & Saha, H. (2014). Effects of feeding detoxified rubber seed meal on growth performance and haematological indices of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerling. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 193, 84-92. Crossref |
||||
| Smith, O. B., & Akinbamijo, O. O. (2000). Micronutrients and reproduction in farm animals. Animal Reproduction Science, 60-61, 549-560. Crossref |
||||
| Smith, O. B., & Somade, B. (1994). Interactions between nutrition and reproduction in farm animals. In: International Foundation for Science IFS 1994. Proceedings of a Regional Seminar on Animal Reproduction, January 17-21, 1994, Niamey, Niger. | ||||
| Stosic, D. D., & Kaykay, J. M. (1981). Rubber seeds as animal feed in Liberia. World Animal Review, 39, 29-39. | ||||
| Svingen, T., Ramhoj, L., Mandrup, K., Christiansen, S., Axelstad, M., Vingggard, A. M., & Hass, U. (2018). Effects on metabolic parameters in young rats born with low birth weight after exposure to a mixture of pesticides. Scientific Reports, 8, Article No. 305. Crossref |
||||
| Tewe, O. O., & Maner, J. H. (1981). Long-term and carry-over effect of dietary inorganic cyanide (KCN) in the life cycle performance and metabolism of rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 58(1), 1-7. Crossref |
||||
| The Animal Care and Use Committee (2019). The Rat. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. http://web.jhu.edu/animalcare/procedures/rat.html | ||||
| Udo, M. D., Ekpo, U., & Ahamefule, F. O. (2016). Effects of processing on the nutrient composition of rubber seed meal. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Science, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2016.06.001. Crossref |
||||
| Uluodo, L. A., Huda, N., & Komilus, C. F. (2018). Potential utilization of rubber seed meal as feed and food. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(4.43), 64-71. | ||||
| Yang, M. G., & Mickelsen, O. (1974). Laboratory animals in nutritional studies. In: Methods of Animal Experimentation, Vol. 5. Gay, W.I. (editor). Academic Press, New York, Pp. 1-40. Crossref |
||||
Copyright © 2025 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.