JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org
Distribution and concentration of heavy metals in tissues of cattle slaughtered in Western Agricultural Zone of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2024.461 | Article Number: 7FAD02764 | Vol.9 (5) - October 2024
Received Date: 26 July 2024 | Accepted Date: 28 August 2024 | Published Date: 30 October 2024
Authors: M. A. Sabuwa* and W. D. Nafarnda
Keywords: Heavy metals, Abattoir, Cattle, tissues., Nasarawa State., AAS
Heavy metals may occur as inherent components of meat in which their accumulations may influence tissue quality. The present study was conducted to determine the presence and concentrations of heavy metals from liver (n=50), kidney (n=50), muscle (n=50), intestine (n=50) and skin (n=50) of cattle slaughtered in western agricultural zone of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Cross-sectional study and laboratory analysis were adopted. The tissues were collected from the abattoir and analysed for the presence of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). A total of fifty samples of the selected tissues were collected and analysed. Values obtained were compared with that of Food and Agricultural Organization recommendations. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages while ANOVA was used to analyse the effect of age and sex on the occurrence of heavy metals. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of Ni, Cd, Pb and Cu in all the sampled tissues are generally low and below the codex standards (Cd 0.5 mg/kg, Pb 0.5 mg/kg, Cu 0.5 mg/kg, Ni 0.5 mg/kg and Cr 1.0 mg/kg). The mean concentration of Cr in the liver was 1.3795 ± 5.1737 mg/kg and above the codex permissible limit of 1.0 mg/kg. There was a significant (p< 0.05) difference in the concentration of Cd between male and female cattle. A significant difference (p<0.05) in the concentration of Ni, Pb and Cd between animals of age <3 years and >3 years was established. The establishment of cattle colonies and ranches across Nigeria by regulatory bodies is highly recommended. This could reduce access to contaminated pasture and water. Public insight on the danger of grazing cattle around heavy metals prone areas such as automobile workshops, construction sites and paint factory premises should be advocated through policy-making, stakeholder engagement and awareness campaigns. Measures should be put in place for continuous monitoring of heavy metals in cattle by surveillance and routine evaluation of tissues of slaughtered cattle from the western agricultural zone of Nasarawa state, Nigeria.
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