JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org
Preponderance of polythene-mediated ruminal impaction disease syndrome impeding ruminant livestock production systems in the Sahel
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2024.518 | Article Number: 6B3C73DF1 | Vol.10 (5) - October 2025
Received Date: 29 November 2024 | Accepted Date: 26 February 2025 | Published Date: 30 October 2025
Authors: Paul B. Bokko* , Naomi P. Ndahi , Ali A. Mutah , Aliyu A. Haruna , Dauda Laku and Idris U. Hambali
Keywords: Sahel, Preponderance, polythene, ruminant livestock, ruminal impaction disease syndrome, production systems.
Ruminal impaction disease syndrome (RIDS) is a severe, menacing gastrointestinal disease of ruminant livestock. The ingestion of the aetiologic agent, indigestible polythene materials, and its accumulation in the rumen culminate in disrupted ingesta flow, rumen impaction, indigestion, recurrent tympany, emaciation, lethargy, and mortality. The disease principally occurs amongst ruminant livestock under semi-intensive or extensive types of animal rearing, predominantly in developing countries. The ruminants are predisposed to RIDS by mineral deficiencies, feed scarcity, pica, etc. The occurrence of RIDS due to the ingestion of polythene material poses a severe threat to ruminant livestock production systems due to its high frequency. The prevalence of 67.46% translates to an estimated N820.675 billion ($538.75 million) loss annually amongst the 152.48 million ruminant livestock population in Nigeria. Despite the high frequency and attendant economic losses, no statutory provisions for prevention and control have been enacted, making RIDS a major but neglected disease of ruminant livestock. Moreover, the polythene material production explosion and growth of consumerism generate enormous polythene waste that litters the environment, which in turn fuels the incidence of RIDS. To date, exploratory rumenotomy remains the choice that guarantees resolution for diagnosis and treatment of RIDS. Even then, the affected animal will mostly be presented at the terminal stage of the RIDS, and the surgical success rate is very low. Rumenotomy in such animals is associated with frequent complications like infection, peritonitis, hemorrhage, and wound dehiscence. Utilization of digital non-invasive imaging and minimally invasive surgery, such as laparoscopy, diagnostic markers, and nanotechnology, can enhance the accuracy of diagnosis and prompt treatment of RIDS. Re-establishment of livestock health and welfare will directly boost the productivity and profitability of free-range or semi-intensive ruminant livestock systems in Nigeria.
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