JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org
Prevalence, characterisation, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella species in poultry from Zuru Emirate, Kebbi State, Nigeria
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2026.635 | Article Number: 60B338B36 | Vol.11 (1) - February 2026
Received Date: 25 January 2026 | Accepted Date: 22 February 2026 | Published Date: 28 February 2026
Authors: Faruq Ahmad Danmallam , Mujtaba Haruna , Yusuf Hassan Rambo , Bashir Abubakar , Alexander Ray Jambalang and Manasa Sugun
Keywords: multi-drug resistance., prevalence, poultry, Antimicrobial resistance, Salmonella spp. Nigeria.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern affecting humans and animals. Salmonella spp., commonly found in poultry, is a major cause of foodborne illnesses and increasingly shows resistance to antibiotics. In Nigeria, poultry farming is crucial for food and employment, but extensive antibiotic use and poor biosecurity contribute to the spread of resistant bacteria. This study investigated the prevalence and AMR patterns of Salmonella spp. from cloacal swabs in poultry processing centres across Zuru Emirate, Kebbi State. Samples were collected from four local government areas and analysed in the laboratory. Salmonella isolation was conducted using culture, Gram staining, and biochemical tests, while antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Out of 217 samples, 71 (34%) tested positive for Salmonella, with the highest occurrence in Zuru (35.21%), followed by Danko-Wasagu (29.58%), Fakai (23.94%), and Sakaba (11.27%). Broilers were the most affected chicken type overall, while hens were more frequently infected than cocks. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed complete resistance to Ampliclox and Penicillin (100%), and high resistance to Streptomycin (85%), Tetracycline (76%), Chloramphenicol (73%), and Ceftriaxone (82%). Fluoroquinolones, especially Levofloxacin (77% susceptibility) and Ciprofloxacin (61% susceptibility), showed better activity, although some resistance was still observed. Out of 217 samples, 71 (34%) were Salmonella-positive, with significant variation across LGAs (χ² = 8.64, p = 0.034) and higher infection in broilers and hens (OR = 1.72; p = 0.031). Multidrug resistance was observed in 81.7% of isolates, with a mean MARI 0.56 ± 0.12, higher in broilers (F = 6.82, p = 0.004), and strong co-resistance between β-lactams and tetracyclines (ρ = 0.72, p < 0.001). The study identified widespread multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry, posing a serious public health risk and highlighting the urgent need for stronger antibiotic control and improved biosecurity.
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