JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org
Effects of pro-vitamin A cassava peel meal on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2025.576 | Article Number: 465556332 | Vol.10 (5) - October 2025
Received Date: 12 June 2025 | Accepted Date: 20 August 2025 | Published Date: 30 October 2025
Authors: Lynda N. TORHEMEN* , Augustine O. ANI , Kanan T. ORAYAGA and Michael TORHEMEN
Keywords: Food security, pigs, sustainable production, Alternative feedstuff, new cassava variety, protein supply
An eight-week study was conducted to determine the effect of graded levels of cassava peel meal obtained from pro-vitamin A variety (PVACPM) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs. Twenty-four male large white pigs, aged eight weeks, with an average weight of 9 kg, were allotted to four dietary treatments of six animals per treatment in a completely randomised design, involving four levels (0,10,20 and 30%) of PVACPM. Treatments were replicated three times with two pigs per replicate. Experimental diets were fed daily, and data were collected for feed intake and weight gain. During week eight of the feeding trial, three pigs were randomly selected per treatment, housed in metabolic cages for a seven-day digestibility trial. There were significant (p<0.05) differences among treatment means in terms of average final weight, average daily weight gain, average total weight gain, average daily feed intake and average total feed intake. The efficiency of feed utilisation was significantly (p<0.05) improved in pigs fed (Treatment 3) diets containing 20% PVACPM. Nutrient digestibility studies also revealed significant (p<0.05) differences across treatment means in parameters such as dry matter, crude fibre, crude protein, ether extract and nitrogen-free extract. Dry matter and crude fibre were significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatment 1 and lower in treatment 4, crude protein was significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatment 1 and 2 which was comparable with treatment 3 and lower in treatment 4, ether extract was significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatment 1 which was comparable with treatment 2 and lower in treatment 4, while nitrogen free extract was significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatments 1 and 3 which was also comparable with treatment 2. It was concluded that up to 20% PVACPM (Treatment 3) can be included in weaned pigs’ diets for enhanced growth performance and nutrient digestibility.
| Adesehinwa, A. O. K., Obi, O. O., Makanjuola, B. A., Oluwole, O. O., & Adesina, M. A. (2011). Growing pigs fed cassava peel based diet supplemented with or without Farmazyme® 3000 proenx: Effect on growth, carcass and blood parameters. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(14), 2791-2796. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.967 |
||||
| Annon (2004). Working group on restoration. The Finnish Environment 618. Ministry of Environment, Land Use Department, Finland, ISBN 952-11-1376-6. | ||||
| AOAC (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. 18th Edition. Washington DC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists; Method 935.14 and 992.24. | ||||
| Aro, S. O., Adetunji, C. O., Agunbiade, J. A., & Koleoso, O. A. (2020). Proximate and mineral composition of cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels: implications for ruminant nutrition. Journal of Applied Agricultural Research, 12(3), 129-135. | ||||
| Atwater, W. O., & Benedict, F. G. (1902). Experiments on metabolism of matter and energy in human body, 1898-1900. US Office of Experiment Stations Bulletin No. 109, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.123031 |
||||
| Bakare, A. G., Zindove, T. J., Iji, P. A., Stamatopoulos, K., & Cowieson, A. J. (2021). A review of limitations to using cassava meal in poultry diets and the potential role of exogenous microbial enzymes. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(4), 426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02853-6 |
||||
| Bamaiyi, P. H. (2013). Factors Militating Against Animal Production in Nigeria. International Journal of Livestock Research, 3(2), 54-66. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20130409050039 |
||||
| Duncan, D. B. (1955). New Multiple Range Test. Biometrics, 11,1-42 https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478 |
||||
| Godde, C. M., Mason-D'Croz, D., Mayberry, D. E., Thornton, P. K., & Herrero, M. (2021). Impacts of climate change on the livestock food supply chain; a review of the evidence. Global food security, 28, 100488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100488 |
||||
| Irekhore, O., Bamgdbose, A. M., & Olubadewa, G. A. (2006). Utilisation of cassava peel meal as energy source for growing pigs. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5(10), 849-851. | ||||
| Jha, R., & Mishra, P. (2021). Dietary fibre in poultry nutrition and their effects on nutrient utilisation, performance, gut health and on the environment: a review. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 12, 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00576-0 |
||||
| Jiwuba, P. C., & Jiwuba, I. C. (2024). Provitamin A biofortified cassava peel in rabbit nutrition: effects on productivity, performance and nutrient digestibility. Nigerian Agricutral Journal, 55(2), 313-319. | ||||
| Jiwuba, P. C., Egesi, C., Okogbenin, E., & Kulakow, P. (2016). Proximate and Mineral Composition of Pro-Vitamin A Cassava Root and Leaf Meal. Journal of Agricultural Science, 8(5), 145-152. | ||||
| Jiwuba, P. C., Ilo, S. U., Amadaruonye, W., Azodo, N. L. & Uzoma, C. (2021). Blood profile of growing rabbits fed pro-vitamin A fortified cassava peel meal-based diet. Agricultura, 18(1-2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.18690/agricultura.18.1-2.1-8.2021 |
||||
| Li, J., Yang, H., Wang, S., Zhang, W., Gao, F., Xia, Y., & Li, L. (2018). Estimation of net energy requirements for maintenance in growing and finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 9(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-3-1 |
||||
| National Research Council (NRC) (1997). Nutrient requirement of the Revised Edition. National Academy of Science, National Research Council, Washington, D.C | ||||
| Obongekpe, R. P; Ekpo, E. I. and Akpolome, D. (2022). Nutrient characteristics of processed cassava peels and dietary sludge supplementation on pig performance. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 7(2), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2021.283 |
||||
| Oke, O. L. (2017). Cassava meal. In Nontraditional Feed Sources for Use in Swine Production, (Pp. 103-112). | ||||
| Otache, M. A., Ubwa, S. T., & Godwin, A. K. (2017). Proximate analysis and mineral composition of peels of three sweet cassava cultivars. Asian Journal of physical and chemical sciences, 3(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJOPACS/2017/36502 |
||||
| Poultry World (2013). Ghana: Turning cassava peel into poultry feed. Poultry World. Retrieved from https://www.poultryworld. net/health-nutrition/ghana-turning-cassava-peel-into-poultry-feed/ | ||||
| Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie, (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics Biometrics Approach, 2nd Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill, p. 3. | ||||
| Tavershima, T., Kotur, L. N., & Tseaa, E. M. (2022). Food security and population growth in Nigeria. Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 10(8), 176-183. | ||||
| Thacker, P. A. (2001). Effect of enzyme supplementation on the performance of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with soybean meal or canola meal. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 14(7), 1008-1013. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2001.1008 |
||||
| Thornton, P. K. (2010). Livestock production: Recent trends, future prospects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1554), 2853-2867. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0134 |
||||
| Torhemen, L. N. (2017). Supplementation of cassava peel meal based diets with Natuzyme for pigs production in the tropics. M. Sc Thesis, Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. | ||||
| Torhemen, L. N., Ikurior, S. A., Wuanor, A. A., & Torhemen, M. (2018). Effect of enzyme treated cassava peel meal based diets on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaner pigs. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 3(1), 304-307. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.1.38 |
||||
| Weather Spark (2025). Retrieved from https://Weather Spark.com/m/58530/4. | ||||
| Zijlstra, R. T., & Beltranena, E. (2022). Feeding byproducts to pigs to reduce feed cost and reach sustainable food production. Animal Frontiers, 12(6), 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac067 |
||||
Copyright © 2025 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.