JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org
Efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum leaf meal on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood profiles of broiler chickens
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2021.275 | Article Number: 1AF9F1C31 | Vol.6 (4) - August 2021
Received Date: 27 May 2021 | Accepted Date: 12 July 2021 | Published Date: 30 August 2021
Authors: Essien, C. A. and Udoh, V. S.
Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum, Broilers, haematology, carcass, serum
This study was conducted to determine the effect of Ocimum gratissimum as a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on growth performance, carcass, and blood profile of broiler chicken. One hundred and sixty day old broiler chickens were used for the study. Four diets were formulated to incorporate Ocimum gratissimum at 0, 50, 100 and 150 g per 100 kg of feed to form T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively. The birds were divided into four groups of forty birds and each group was assigned one of the diets in a completely randomized design. Each group was further divided into four replicates of 10 birds each. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum and data collected were statistically analyzed. The result obtained showed significant (p<0.05) differences in the final weight gain (FWG), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion ratio both at the starter and finisher phases. T4 had the highest significant (p<0.05) final weight gain (FWG), and daily weight gain (DWG) values. The lowest significant (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) values were observed in T4. The feed intake of the birds was statistically similar (p>0.05) at both the starter and the finisher phases. Significant (p<0.05) increases were observed in dressed weight, dressing percentage, and cut-up parts (wing, thigh, drumstick, and breast) of the birds. T4 had the highest significant values for the carcass parameters. The haematological parameters analyzed showed significant (p<0.05) differences in the value for red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) values with T4 recording the highest significant (p<0.05) values for those parameters. All the serum biochemical parameters analyzed were not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the treatments. It can be concluded that Ocimum gratissimum could be added to broiler diet at 150 g/100kg as feed additive without any deleterious effect on the growth performance, carcass, and blood profiles of the birds.
| Adam, C. (2005). Nutrition-based Health. Feed International, 2, 25-28. | ||||
| Ademola, S. G., Farinu, G. O., & Babatunde, G. M. (2009). Serum lipid, growth and haematological parameters of broilers fed garlic, ginger and their mixtures. World Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(1), 99-104. | ||||
| Aikpitanyi, K. U., & Egweh, N. O. (2020). Haematological and biochemical profile of broiler chickens fed diets containing ginger and black pepper additives. Nigerian Journal Animal Science, 22(2), 114-125. | ||||
| Ajibaiye, O. E., Onimisi, A., & Moses, O. (2018). Effects of a commercial blend of essential oils and organic acids on the performance of broiler chickens. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45(3), 218-227. Crossref |
||||
| Akinola, L. A. F., & Egwuanumku, J. O. (2017). Haematology and Serum Biochemistry of laying Hens fed Red Pepper (capsicum annum L.) as feed additive. Nigerian Journal Animal Science, 19(1), 127-133. | ||||
| Alabi, R. A., & Chime, C. C. (2007). Impact of food production on food importation. Interim report presented to African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) Nairobi. | ||||
| Al-Nedawi, A. M. (2018). Reference Hematology for commercial ross 308 broilers. Online Journal of Veterinary Research, 22(7), 566-570. Crossref |
||||
| AOAC (1995) Association of Official Method of Analysis. 15th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington DC. Pp. 68-69. | ||||
| Cardozo, P. W., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., & Kamel, C. (2004). Effects of natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture. Journal of Animal Science, 82(11), 3230-3236. Crossref |
||||
| Case, G. L., He, L., Mo, H., & Elson, C. E. (1995). Induction of geranyl pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity by cholesterol‐suppressive isoprenoids. Lipids, 30(4), 357-359. Crossref |
||||
| Chineke, C. A., Olugun, A. G., & Ikeobi, C. O. N. (2006). Haematological parameters in rabbit breeds and crosses in humid tropics. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(1), 2102-2106. Crossref |
||||
| Ciftci, M., Simsek, U. G., Yuce, A., Yilmaz, O., & Dalkilic, B. (2010). Effects of dietary antibiotic and cinnamon oil supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities, cholesterol levels and fatty acid compositions of serum and meat in broiler chickens. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 79, 33-40. Crossref |
||||
| Crowell, P. L. (1999). Prevention and therapy of cancer by dietary monoterpenes. The Journal of Nutrition, 129(3), 775S-778S. Crossref |
||||
| Czarra, J., & Fred, M. (2009). Species: A global history: Reaction books. p.128. | ||||
| Dacie, J. V., & Lewis, S. M. (1991). Practical Haematology Churhill. Living-stone, New York. | ||||
| Dibner, J. (2004). Organic acids: Can they replace antibiotic growth promoters. Feed International, 25(12), 14-16. | ||||
| Dijk, A. V. T. (2004). Testing acidifiers and other AGP alternative. Feed International, 5, 10-12. | ||||
| Doneley, B., & Deneley, R. (2010). Avian medicine and surgery in practice: Companion and aviary birds. Manson Publishing Ltd, London, UK. Crossref |
||||
| Duncan, D. B. (1995). Multiple range and multiple F-tests. Biometrics, 11(II), 1-42. Crossref |
||||
| Duwa, H., Saleh, B., Chana, Z. M., & Crigiri, A. Y. (2019). Influence of varying dietary energy levels supplemented with ginger or probiotics on performance of broiler chickens under a semi-arid environment. Nigeria Journal of Animal Science, 21(1), 56-62. | ||||
| Edozien, J. C., & Switzer, B. R. (1977). Effects of dietary protein, fat and energy on blood hemoglobin and hematocrit in the rat. The Journal of nutrition, 107(6), 1016-1021. Crossref |
||||
| El-Said, F., Sofowora, E. A., Malcolm, S. A., & Hofer, A. (1969). An investigation into the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum as used in Nigerian native medicine. Planta Medica, 17(02), 195-200. Crossref |
||||
| Eltazi, S. M. A. Mohamed, K. A. & Mukhtar, M. A. (2014). Effect of using ginger powder as natural feed additive on performance and carcass quality of broiler chicks. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 60(141), 87-95. Crossref |
||||
| Engberg, R. M., Hedemann, M. S., Leser, T. D., & Jensen, B. B. (2000). Effect of zinc bacitracin and salinomycin on intestinal microflora and performance of broilers. Poultry Science, 79(9), 1311-1319. Crossref |
||||
| Fadlalla, I. M. T., Mohammed, B. H., & Bakhiet, A. O. (2010). Effect of feeding garlic on the performance and immunity of broilers. Asian Journal of Poultry Science, 4(4), 182-189. Crossref |
||||
| Harborne, J. B. (1973). Phytochemical methods. A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Chapman and Hall Limited. London. p. 279. | ||||
| Harborne, J. B. (1998). Phytochemical methods. A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Chapman and Hall Limited. London. p. 279. | ||||
| Haslam, E. (1996). Natural polyphenols (vegetable tannins) as drugs: possible modes of action. Journal of Natural Products, 59(2), 205-215. Crossref |
||||
| Hassan, I. I., Askar, G., & El-Shourbagy, A. (2004). Influence of some medicinal plants on performance. Physiological and meat quality traits of Broiler Chicks. Egypt Poultry Science, 24, 247-266. | ||||
| Howlett, J. C. (2000). Clinical and diagnostic procedures. In: Samour, J. H. (ed.) Avian Medicine, London, Harcourt Publishers Ltd. Pp. 28-50. | ||||
| Ilori, M. O., Sheteolu, A. O., Omonigbehin, E. A., & Adeneye, A. A. (1996). Antidiarrhoeal activities of Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae). Journal of Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, 14(4), 283-285. | ||||
| Isaac, L. J., Abah, G., Akpan, B., & Ekette, I. U. (2013). Haematological properties of different breeds and sexes of rabbits. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria. Pp. 24-27. | ||||
| Jain, N. C. (1993). Essentials of Veterinary Haematology. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA. Pp. 19-53. | ||||
| Kamel, C. T. (2001). Modes of action and roles of plant extract in non-ruminant. In: Crarassiorthy, P. C., & Wiseman J. (eds.). Recent advances in animal nutrition. Nottingham Union Press, Nottingham, U.K. p. 387. | ||||
| Kehinde, A. S., Obun, C. O., Inuwa, M & Bobadoye, O. (2011). Growth performance, haematological and some serum biochemical indices of cockerel chicks fed ginger (Zingiber officinale) additives diets. Proceedings of 36th Conference of Nigerian Society of Animal Production. 13th - 16th March. University of Abuja, Nigeria Pp. 185-189. | ||||
| Lee, K. W., Everts, H., Kappert, H. J. Wouterse, H. Frehner, M. & Beynem, A. C. (2004). Cinnamaldehyde, but not thymol, counteracts the carboxymethyl cellulose-induced growth depression in female broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3(9), 608-612. Crossref |
||||
| Lumeji, J. T. (2008). Avian Clinical Biochemistry (pp. 839-872). In: Kaneko, J. J., Harvey, J. W., & Brussed, M. L. (eds.). Clinical Biochemistry of domestic animals. 6th edition. Academic Press, Burlinton MA. Crossref |
||||
| Mohan, V. R., & Daffodil, E. D. (2016). Anti-nutritional factors in legume seeds: Characteristics and determination. Encyclopedia of Food and Health. Pp. 211-220. Crossref |
||||
| Njoku, O. U., Joshua, P. E., Agu, C. V., & Dim, N. C. (2011). Antioxidant properties of Ocimum gratissimum (Ocimum gratissimum). New York Science Journal, 4(5), 98-103. | ||||
| NRC (1994). Nutrient Requirements of poultry: 9th Revised Edition. National Academy of Science, Washington, DC, p. 176. | ||||
| Onibi, G. E. Adebisi, O. E. Fajernisin, A. N. & Adetunji, A. V. (2009). Response of broiler chickens in terms of performance and meat quality to garlic (Allium sativum). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(5), 511-517. | ||||
| Pendl, H. (2001) Avian Haematology for practitioner. Proceedings: Association of Avian Veterinary. Pp. 388-400. | ||||
| Peters, S. O., Crunn, H. H., Imumorin, I. G., Aqaviezor, B. O., & Ikeobi, C. O. N. (2011). Haematological Studies in frizzled and naked neck genotypes of Nigerian native chickens. Tropical Animal Health Production. 43(3), 631-638. Crossref |
||||
| Poineer, A. C., Gabica, M. J., Thompson, E G., Romito, K., & Husney, A. (2020). Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP). Healthwise. Link |
||||
| Puyalto, M., & Mesia, J. (2002). Fighting gut pathogens in-vitro assessment of organic acids derivatives and combinations. Poultry International, 41(2), 19-24. | ||||
| Robertson, S. (2018). What are flavonoids. News Medical Life Sciences. Retrieved from https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-Flavonoids.aspx. | ||||
| Saeid, J. M., Mohamed, A. B., & Al-Baddy, M. A. (2010). Effect of aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on blood biochemistry parameters of broiler. International Journal of Poultry Science, 9(10), 944-947. Crossref |
||||
| Soefan, K. O., Akinrinde, A. S. & Ajibade, T. O. (2013). Preliminary Studies on the haematological parameters of cockerels fed raw and processed guinea corn (sorghum bicolor) (pp. 49-52). Proceeding of 38th Annual Conference of Nigerian Society of Animal Production. | ||||
| Szabo, A., Mezes, M., Horn, P., Sütő, Z., Bázár, G. Y., & Romvari, R. (2005). Developmental dynamics of some blood biochemical parameters in the growing turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 53(4), 397-409. Crossref |
||||
| Stephen, G. P. (2008) Nitrogen Metabolism. In: Physiology of Woody Plants. 3rd Edition. Elsevier Publisher. Pp. 233-254. Crossref |
||||
| Tian, W. (2008) Herbs in Africa. A field guide to the natural history of herbs. NSW department of primary industries. www.wiseject.com/herbs | ||||
| Ugwu, D. O., Jiwuba, P. C., Ubogu, V. & Akazue, R. C., (2020). Phytochemical properties of Hisbiscus sabdariffa Calyx and the effects of its aqueous extract supplementation on haematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler birds. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 22(3), 165-172. | ||||
| Valiollahi, M. R., Rahinian, Y., Miri, Y., & Rafies, A. (2013). Effect of ginger (Zinggiber officinale) black pepper (Piper migrum) powders on performance, some blood parameters and antibody titier against New Castle vaccine on broiler chicks. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(12), 535-540. | ||||
| WHO (1980). Manual of basic techniques for a health laboratory. World Health Organization, Geneva, Pp. 360-406. | ||||
| Wikipedia (2021) Akwa Ibom State. Wikipedia. Link |
||||
| Windisch, W., Schedle, K., Plitzner, C., & Kroismayr, A. (2008). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. Journal of Animal Science, 86(suppl_14), E140-E148. Crossref |
||||
| Ya, C. Craffney, S. H., Lilley, T. H., & Haslam, E. (1988). Carbohydrate polyphenol complexation. In: Hemingway, R. W., & Karchesy, J. J. (eds.). Chemistry and significance of condemned tannins. Plenum press, New York, USA. p. 553. | ||||
| Yildirim, E., Yalçinkaya, I., Kanbur, M., Çinar, M., & Oruç, E. (2011). Effects of yeast glucomannan on performance, some biochemical parameters and pathological changes in experimental aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens. Revede Medicine Veterinaire, 162(8-9), 413-420. | ||||
Copyright © 2025 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.