JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org
Effect of Imbrasia belina (Westwood) or Vigna subterranea (L) Verde or Tylosema esculentum (Burchell) Schreiber as protein sources in diets fed to Tswana hens on egg quality
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2018.118 | Article Number: 157057B84 | Vol.3 (6) - December 2018
Received Date: 22 November 2018 | Accepted Date: 12 December 2018 | Published Date: 31 December 2018
Authors: Manyeula F.* , Tsopito C. M. , Kamau J. M. , Mogotsi K. K. , Nsoso S. J. and Moreki J. C.
Keywords: egg quality., Anti-nutritional factors, legumes, protein, Tswana chicken.
A 90 days study was conducted to compare the effects of feeding Tswana hens reared under intensive system and fed diets formulated from Imbrasia belina (Westwood), Vigna subterranea (L) Verde and Tylosema esculentum (Burchell) Schreiber as sources of protein on egg quality. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated by totally replacing soybean meal (SBM) with I. belina, V. subterranea and T. esculentum as protein sources while commercial layer diet was used as control diet. Twelve eggs from each pen were collected at 28, 33 and 38 weeks of age for egg quality analysis in a completely randomized design. Egg weight (EW), shell weight (SW), shell thickness (ST), shell index (SI), shell percentage (SP), egg surface area (ESA), egg volume (EV), egg contents (EC) and Haugh units (HU) were measured. Repeated measure analysis showed significant (P<0.05) week × diets interaction effect on EW and SW. At week 28, hens on T. esculentum diet had the highest (P < 0.05) EW while those on control diet attained the highest (P < 0.05) EW at week 33. Hens fed I. belina diets had the highest (P < 0.05) SW at week 28. However, at weeks 33 and 38, hens on I. belina diets had the smallest (P < 0.05) SW. Hens fed V. subterranea and T. esculentum diets had significantly lower overall SI compared to those on control and I. belina diets. Tylosema esculentum diets did not promote (P<0.05) ESA, EV and EC. However, no influence (P>0.05) of dietary treatments was observed on overall ST, SP and HU. The inclusion of I. belina and V. subterranea on layer diet had no adverse effects on egg quality while the totally replacement of SBM with T. esculentum as protein source impaired egg quality. These results, suggest that I. belina and V. subterranea could completely replace SBM as protein source in the layer diets without any detrimental effects on egg quality.
| Abdelnour, S. A., Mohamed, E., El-Hack, A., & Ragni, M. (2018). The efficacy of high-protein tropical forages as alternative protein sources for chickens: A Review. Agriculture, 8, 1-14. Crossref |
||||
| Akhatar, S., Hassan, M., & Yasmeen, F. (2007). Comparative study of production potential and egg characteristics of Lyallpur silver black, Fayoumi and Rhode Island. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 27, 187-188. | ||||
| Alkan, S., Karabag, K., Galic, A., & Balcioglu, M. S. (2008). Effects of genotype and egg weight on hatchability traits and hatching weight in Japanese quail. South African Journal of Animal Science, 38, 231-237. | ||||
| Alkanji, A. M., & Ologhobo, A. D. (2007). Effects of some raw tropical legumes seeds on egg quality and laying performance of exotic hens. American-Eurasian Journal Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2, 648-654. | ||||
| Anjos, F. R. D. (2014). Improving the nutritive value and utilization of non-convectional protein feed resources in smallholder village chicken production. Ph.D Thesis, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. | ||||
| AOAC (2005). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 18th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA. | ||||
| Aziza, E., Panda, A. K., Quezada, N., & Cherian, G. (2013). Nutrient digestibility, egg quality, and fatty acid composition of brown laying hens fed camelina or flaxseed meal. Journal Applied Poultry Research, 22, 832-841. Crossref |
||||
| Carter, T. C. (1975). The hen's egg: Estimation of superficial area and egg volume, using measurement of fresh egg weight and shell length and breadth alone or in combination. British Poultry Science, 16, 541-543. Crossref |
||||
| Ciurescu, G., & Pană, C. O. (2017). Effect of dietary untreated field pea (Pisum sativum L.) as substitute for soybean meal and enzymes supplementation on egg production and quality of laying hens. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 22(1), 12204-12213. | ||||
| Farrell, D. J. (1997). Where in the world will we find the ingredients to feed our livestock by the year 2007? Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition, U.N.E., Armidale, Australia. Pp. 136-145. | ||||
| Ferket, P. R., & Gernat, A. G. (2006). Factors that affect feed intake of meat type birds. International. Journal Poultry Science, 5, 905-911. Crossref |
||||
| Gul, M., Yoruk, M. A., Hayirli, A., Turgut, L., & Karaoglu, M. (2005). Effects of additives on laying performance and egg quality of hens fed a high level of common vetch seed (Vicia sativa) during the peak. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 14, 217-225. Crossref |
||||
| Gunawardana, P., Roland Sr., D. A., & Bryant, M. M. (2008). Effect of energy and protein on performance, egg components, egg solids, egg quality, and profits in molted Hy-Line W-36 hens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 17, 432-439. Crossref |
||||
| Haugh, R. R. (1937). The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. USA Egg Poultry Magazine, 43, 552-55. | ||||
| Hurnik, J. F., Summers, J. D., Reinhard. D. S., & Sweirczewks, A. (1997). Effects of age in the performance of laying hens during the first year of production. Journal of Poultry Science, 56, 222-230. Crossref |
||||
| Jackson, J. C., Duodu, K. G, Holse, M., de Faria, M. D., Jordan, D., Chingwaru, W., Hansen, A., Kandawa-Schultz, M., Mpotokwane, S. M., Chimwamurombe, P., de Kock, H. L., & Minnaar, A. (2010). The Morama bean (Tylosema esculentum): A potential crop for Southern Africa. Advanced Food Nutrition Resources, 61, 187-246. Crossref |
||||
| Kim, J., Kundu, M., Viollet, B., & Guan, K.L. (2011). AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1. Natural Cell Biology, 13, 132-14. Crossref |
||||
| Kuhl, S., & Seker, I. (2004). Phenotypic correlations between some external and internal egg quality traits in the Japanese quail. International Journal Poultry Science, 3, 400-405. Crossref |
||||
| Laudadio, V., & Tufarelli, V. (2012). Effect of treated field pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Spirale) as substitute for soybean extracted meal in a wheat middlings-based diet on egg production and quality of early laying brown hens. Arch Geflügelk, 76, 1-5. | ||||
| Leeson, M., & Summers, J. D. (1997). Commercial Poultry Nutrition 2nd edition, Guelph. | ||||
| Madzimure, J., Muchapa, L., Gwiriri, L., Bakare, A. G., & Masaka, L. (2017). Growth performance of broilers fed on sprouted-roasted guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) based diets. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 49, 1009-1013. Crossref |
||||
| Manyeula, F., Tsopito, C. M., Kamau, J., Mogotsi, K. K., Nsoso, N. J., & Moreki, J. C. (2013). The effects of Imbresia belina, (Westwood), Tylosema esculentum, (Burchell) Schreiber and Vigna subterranean (L) Verde as protein source on growth and laying performance of Tswana hens raised under intensive production system. Scientific Journal of Animal Science, 2(1), 1-8. | ||||
| Mead, R. (2000). The design of experimental. Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press, PP.620. | ||||
| Minh, D. V., Lindberg, E. J., & Ogle, B. (2004). Effects of scavenging and protein supplementation on the feed intake and performance of improved pullets and laying hens in Northern Vietnam. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 17, 1553-1561. Crossref |
||||
| Moreki, J. C., Van der Merwe, H. J., & Hayes, J. P. (2011). Effects of calcium level on egg production and shell quality in broiler breeder hens at peak production. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Science, 1, 19-26. | ||||
| Munisi, W. G., Katule, A. M., & Mbaga, S. H. (2016). Comparisons of egg production and quality traits of parental and crosses of broiler and Black Australorp chickens in Tanzania. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 28, Article #111. | ||||
| National Research Council, (1996). Nutrient requirement of poultry. 9th ed National Academy press. Washington. D. C. | ||||
| SAS (2010). SAS Users Guide: Statistics, Version 9.3 SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA | ||||
| Tshovhote, N. J, Nesamvuni, A. E, Raphulu, T., & Gous, R. M. (2003). The chemical composition, energy and amino acid digestibility of cowpeas used in poultry nutrition. South African Journal of Animal Science, 33, 65-69. Crossref |
||||
| Tuleun, C. D., Carew, S. N., & Ajiji, I. (2008). Feeding value of velvet beans (Mucuna utilis) for laying hens. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 20(5). Link |
||||
| Wickramasuriya, S. S., Yi, Y. J., Kim, C., Yoo, J. N., Kang, K., & Heo, J. M. (2015). A review of canola meal as an alternative feed ingredient for ducks. Journal of Animal Science Technology, 57, 1-9. Crossref |
||||
Copyright © 2025 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.