INTEGRITY JOURNAL OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
Integrity Research Journals

ISSN: 2811-2407
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/IJAH
Start Year: 2020
Email: ijah@integrityresjournals.org


Conceptual analysis of the intersection of media advocacy and health security in Nigeria

https://doi.org/10.31248/IJAH2025.205   |   Article Number: D289BB531   |   Vol.6 (2) - April 2025

Received Date: 05 February 2025   |   Accepted Date: 26 February 2025  |   Published Date: 30 April 2025

Author:  AKPOGHIRAN, Idamah Patrick, Ph.D

Keywords: media advocacy., health security, health behaviour, Advocacy, Health

Health security emerged as a significant concept during the outbreak of epidemics and pandemics in Nigeria. The main objective of the study was to analyse the intersection of media advocacy and health security. The study employed a qualitative research method, drawing on relevant literature, and conceptually analysed the significance of media advocacy for health security. Different approaches were explored to determine what constitutes health security. In doing so, the study establishes the intersection between media and health security, and the need for media advocacy for pro-health behaviour as fundamentals for health security. The determinants of health security do not only depend on the planning and implementation of health policies, but significantly, on public enlightenment and advocacy on pro-health behaviour. Media advocacy is necessary to promote pro-health behaviour and generally, for the execution or implementation of health security plans. The media need to be included from the stage of planning, mobilization, and implementation of health security activities in any given community and the nation. It is expected that health security should be treated the same way human security is treated because people’s health is fundamental to the attainment of security.

Adisasmito, W. B., Almuhairi, S., Behravesh, C. B., Bilivogui, P., Bukachi, S. A., Casas, N., Becerra, N.C., Charron, D.F., Chaudhary, A., Zanella, J. R. C. & Zhou, L. (2022). One Health: A new definition for a sustainable and healthy future. PLoS Pathogens, 18(6), e1010537.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010537
 
Agba, J. U., Abang, O., & Ugor, O. E. (2017). Strategic media advocacy in enhancing sustainable economic development through active youths' participation in agriculture in Nigeria. International Journal of International Relations, Media and Mass Communication Studies, 3(5), 1-18.
 
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In: Kuhl, J., & Beckmann, J. (eds.). Action control: From cognition to behaviour. New York: Springer-Verlag.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2
 
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, T. J. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice-Hall.
 
Akpoghiran, I. P. (2021). Public health risk: Public views on panic reporting and media framing of the COVID-19 pandemic. New Media and Mass Communication, 100, 11-17.
 
Akpoghiran, I. P., & Echaranini, K. J. (2020). Media advocacy for social environmental change in Nigeria. Lapai International Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 12(1), 251-260.
 
Aldis, W. (2008). Health security as a public health concept: a critical analysis. Health Policy and Planning, 23(6), 369-375.
https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czn030
 
Alumona, I. K., & Onwuanabile, K. M. (2019). Environmental insecurity in Nigeria. In: Oshita, O. O. (ed). Internal Security Management in Nigeria: Perspectives, Challenges and Lessons. p. 181. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8215-4_10
 
Augustynowicz, A., Opolski, J., & Waszkiewicz, M. (2022). Health security: definition problems. International journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10009.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610009
 
Bhattacharya, D. (2007). An exploration of conceptual and temporal fallacies in international health law and promotion of global public health preparedness. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 35(4), 588-598.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2007.00182.x
 
Carson‐Chahhoud, K. V., Ameer, F., Sayehmiri, K., Hnin, K., van Agteren, J. E., Sayehmiri, F., Brinn, M. P., Esterman, A. J., Chang, A. B., & Smith, B. J. (2017). Mass media interventions for preventing smoking in young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6, Article number CD001006
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001006.pub3
 
Chan, M. (2009). Primary health care as a route to health security. The Lancet, 373(9675), 1586-1587.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60003-9
 
Chiu, Y. W., & Lee, M. L. (2006). An Investigation of Taiwan's participation in the global health system: The World Health Organization and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Taiwan Journal of Public Health, 25(6), 405-418.
 
Chiu, Y. W., Weng, Y. H., Su, Y. Y., Huang, C. Y., Chang, Y. C., & Kuo, K. N. (2009). The nature of international health security. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 18(4), 679-683.
 
Clayton, S., & Myers, G. (2009). Conservation Psychology: Understanding and Promoting Human Care for Nature. Wiley-Blackwell,
 
Commission on Human Security (2003). Human security now. New York: Commission on Human Security by the United Nations.
 
Davies, S. E. (2010). What contribution can international rela-tions make to the evolving global health agenda? International Affairs, 86(5), 1167-1190.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00934.x
 
Dorfman, L., & Krasnow, I. D. (2013). Public health and media advocacy. Annual Review of Public Health Publication, 35, 293-306.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182503
 
Eze, C. C. (2014). Media advocacy for sustainable water management in Africa: A study of Nigeria. Sustainable Irrigation and Drainage V: Management, Technologies and Policies, 185, 235.
https://doi.org/10.2495/SI140211
 
Fayoyin, A. (2014). Media advocacy approaches of development agencies: Implications for journalism practice in developing countries. Asia Pacific Journal of Research 1(18), 50-62.
 
Folarin, B. (2005). Theories of mass communication: an introductory text (3rd edition). Lagos: Bakinfol Publications.
 
Fukuda-Parr, S. (2003). New threats to human security in the era of globalization. Journal of Human Development, 4(2), 167-179.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1464988032000087523
 
Gibson, T. A. (2010). The limits of media advocacy. Communication, Culture & Critique, 3(1), 44-65.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-9137.2009.01057.x
 
Holst, J., & Razum, O. (2022). Global health and health security-conflicting concepts for achieving stability through health? Global Public Health, 17(12), 3972-3980.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2022.2049342
 
Holst, J., & Van de Pas, R. (2023). The biomedical securitization of global health. Globalization and Health, 19, Article number 15.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-023-00915-y
 
Ifegbesan, A. (2010). Exploring Secondary School Students' Understanding and Practices of Waste Management in Ogun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 5(2), 201-215.
 
Ikeke, M. O. (2020). Environmental ethics and environmental governance for security in Africa. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 9(3), 67-67.
https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p67
 
Irvine, L., Elliott, L., Wallace, H., & Crombie, I. K. (2006). A review of major influences on current public health policy in developed countries in the second half of the 20th century. The journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 126(2), 73-78.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1466424006063182
 
Katz, R., & Singer, D. A. (2007). Health and security in foreign policy. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85(3), 233-234.
https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.06.036889
 
Keshvari, M., Yamani, N., Adibi, P., & Shahnazi, H. (2018). Health journalism: Health reporting status and challenges. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 23(1), 14-17.
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_158_16
 
Khagram, S., Clark, W., & Raad, D. F. (2003). From the environment and human security to sustainable security and development. Journal of Human Development, 4(2), 289-313.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1464988032000087604
 
Lawal, M. O., Oyaromade, R., Ogunleye, A. G., Akinrinde, O. O., & Irhue, Y. K. (2022). Health security and the challenge of social and environmental vulnerabilities in Nigeria. Jurnal Pertahanan, 8(1), 22-40.
https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v8i1.1408
 
Li, O. Y., Wang, X., Yang, K., Liu, D., & Shi, H. (2023). The approaching pilot for One Health governance index. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 12(1), 16.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-023-01067-2
 
McCauley, M. P., Blake, K. D., Meissner, H. I., & Viswanath, K. (2013). The social group influences of US health journalists and their impact on the newsmaking process. Health Education Research, 28(2), 339-351.
https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cys086
 
McCombs, M. (2013). Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion. John Wiley & Sons.
 
McCoy, D., Roberts, S., Daoudi, S., & Kennedy, J. (2023). Global health security and the health-security nexus: principles, politics and praxis. BMJ Global Health, 8(9), e013067.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013067
 
McInnes, C. (2014). The many meanings of health security. In:
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203078563-2
 
Rusthon, S., & Youde, J. (eds.). Handbook of Global Security. Taylor & Francis: London. Pp. 7-17.
 
National Action Plan for Health Security (2018--2022) (NAPHS), (2018). For a safer and more prosperous Nigeria. The Federal Republic of Nigeria.
 
Nef, J. (1999). Human security and mutual vulnerability. The global political economy of development and underdevelop-ment. International Research Development Centre, Canada 2nd ed.
 
Okaka, W., & Nagasha, I. J. (2017). Media advocacy communication campaign for effective climate change policy and research information service in Africa. A Research Gate Publication.
 
Oyesomi, K. O., Oyero, O., & Okorie, N. (2014). Media advocacy, development journalism and child right issues in Nigeria. Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(2B), 261-265.
 
Pender, N. J., & Murdaugh, C. L. (2014). Health Promotion in Nursing Practice. 7th Edition)
 
Ping, W., Cao, W., Tan, H., Guo, C., Dou, Z., & Yang, J. (2018). Health protective behavior scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. PloS one, 13(1), e0190390.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190390
 
Ramirez, A. G., Chalela, P., Sabado‐Liwag, M. D., & Choi, K. (2021). Behavioral determinants in population health and health disparities research. The Science of Health Disparities Research, 59-76.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119374855.ch4
 
Rokvić, V., & Jeftić, Z. (2015). Health issues as security issues. Vojno delo, 67(6), 53-69.
https://doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo1506053R
 
Scharoun, K., Van Caulil, K., & Liberman, A. (2002). Bioterrorism vs. health security-crafting a plan of preparedness. The Health Care Manager, 21(1), 74-92.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00126450-200209000-00007
 
Smith, K. F., Goldberg, M., Rosenthal, S., Carlson, L., Chen, J., Chen, C., & Ramachandran, S. (2014). Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 11(101), 20140950.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0950
 
UNDP (1994). Human Development Report 1994. New dimensions of human security. New York: Oxford University Press.
 
Viswanath, K., Ramanadhan, S., & Kontos, E. Z. (2007). Mass media in macro-social determinants of population health. Springer. Pp. 275-294.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70812-6_13
 
Wahl-Jorgensen, K. (2020). Coronavirus: how media coverage of epidemics often stokes fear and panic. Cardiff University: Australia and The Conversation Africa, Inc.
 
Waibord S, (2006). Advocacy journalism in a global context. In: Wahl-Jorgensen, K., & Hanitzsh, T. (eds). The Handbook of Journalism Studies, Routledge. New York. Pp. 371-385.
 
Wallack, L., Dorfman, L., Jernigan, D., & Themba-Nixon, M. (1993). Media Advocacy and Public Health: Power for Prevention. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
 
Węgrzyn-Odzioba, L. (2019). Zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego związane z technologiami informatyczno-komunikacyjnymi. Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych, 14(1), 13-29.
https://doi.org/10.17951/teka.2019.14.1.13-29
 
Witte, K. (1994). Fear control and danger control: A test of the extended parallel process model (EPPM). Communications Monographs, 61(2), 113-134.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759409376328
 
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2002). Health and Human Security. Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean. Forty-ninth Session. August. EMlRC4917. 1-13
 
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2012). Health education: theoretical concepts, effective strategies and core competencies. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean.
 
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024). Determinants of health. Questions and Answers Forum.
 
World Health Organization (WHO) (2007). The World Health Report 2007: a safer future: global public health security in the 21st century. Geneva: World Health Organization.
 
Zhang, X. X., Li, X. C., Zhang, Q. Y., Liu, J. S., Han, L. F., Lederman, Z., Schurer, J. M., Poeta, P., Rahman, M. T., Li, S. Z., & Zhou, X. N. (2023). Tackling global health security by building an academic community for One Health action. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 12(04), 93-98.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-023-01124-w