INTEGRITY JOURNAL OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
Integrity Research Journals

ISSN: 2811-2407
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/IJAH
Start Year: 2020
Email: ijah@integrityresjournals.org


Inculturation in Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches in Igboland, 1857 to 1960

https://doi.org/10.31248/IJAH2022.055   |   Article Number: D1EDA8841   |   Vol.3 (3) - June 2022

Received Date: 24 May 2022   |   Accepted Date: 27 June 2022  |   Published Date: 30 June 2022

Author:  Friday Ifeanyi Ogbuehi

Keywords: culture, evangelization, gospel, inculturation, theology.

The Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches have stayed for more than a century, yet the gospel had not taken root in Igboland. These churches were selected for this study owing to the fact that they were the foremost churches that evangelized Igboland. The legacies laid by the Roman Catholic Mission (RCM) and Church Missionary Society (CMS) on inculturation have created problem for the present churches and other denominations. This problem is the negative attitude of these churches to inculturation. The work examined the negative attitude of the RCM and CMS to inculturation and proffered solution to the problem for the gospel to be more relevant for the people. This work used primary source like observation and secondary sources which included books, Internet materials and newspapers. It used historical approach.  The data collected were described and analyzed. It was discovered that the RCM and CMS’ nonchalant attitude to inculturation had deprived the people the opportunity of receiving the gospel that was more relevant to their situations and context. It was discovered that the negative attitudes of the RCM and CMS on inculturation are still affecting the contemporary Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches.  The work recommended that the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches should expedite action in employing inculturation as a strategy for evangelization in Igboland which would make the gospel to adapt to their situations and cultural context.

Abercombie, N., Hill, S., & Turner, B. S. (2000). The penguin dictionary of sociology (fourth edition). Penguin Books, London.
 
Achebe, C. C. (1986). The world of the Ogbanje. Fourth Dimension Publishers, Enugu.
 
Adiele, S. N. (1996). Honorific title in the Anglican Communion East of the Niger. In: Adiele, S. N. (ed.). Niger mission: Origin, growth and impact 1857-1995 (pp.215-236). Isaeco press, Aba.
 
Afigbo, A. E. (2008). The future of Igbo studies. Whytem Prints, Okigwe.
 
Akuma, J. E. (2002). A handbook of Church history. Assemblies of God, Aba.
 
Alexander, P. C. (1980). The Lion concise Bible Encyclopedia. Lion Publishing, Oxford.
 
Animalu, A. O. E. (2001). Technological Capacity Building: The Making of an African Tiger. Ucheakonam Foundation, Nsukka.
 
Anyabuike, I. D. E. (1996). The planting of the Anglican Church in the Eastern States of Nigeria 1857-1922. In: Adiele, S. N. (ed.). Niger mission: Origin, growth and impact 1857-1995 (pp. 20-32). Isaeco Press, Aba.
 
Anyanwu, H. O. (1993). Religious awareness: A prelude to Africanization of the gospel. Journal of Religion and Theology, 1(2), 70-79.
 
Arinze, R. N. (2001). African Traditional Religion. Rabboni Publishers International, Enugu.
 
Ayandele, E. A. (1966). The missionary impact on modern Nigeria 1842-1914. Longman Group Limited, London.
 
Diara, B. C. (2001). The Igbos and their Hebrew relations. Computer Edge Publishers, Enugu.
 
Dickson, K. A. (1984). Theology in Africa. Orbis Books, Maryknoll.
 
Ejizu, C. (1985). Continuity and discontinuity in Igbo traditional religion. In: Ikenga, E. (ed.). Gods in retreat continuity and change in African religions (pp.133-156.). Fourth Dimension Publishing, Enugu.
 
Ekechi, F. K. (1972). Missionary enterprise and rivalry in Igboland 1857-1914. Frank Cass, London.
 
Ekpunobi, E. (1993). Decade of evangelism Lambeth resolution and reality of implementation. Journal of Religion and Theology, 1(2), 60-69.
 
Ekwunife, A. N. O. (1990). Consecration in Igbo traditional religion. SNAAP Press Limited, Enugu.
 
Emovan, E. U. (1990). Cultural and engineering resource management in Africa. In: Andah, B. W. (ed.). Cultural resource management. An African dimension. Wisdom Publishers Limited, Ibadan.
 
Ezughah, D. (1999). Battle of symbols. TELL August 9, 1999.
 
Ferguson, S. B., & Wright, D. F. (1988). New dictionary of theology. Intervarsity Press, England.
 
Gener, T. D. (2008). Contextualization in global dictionary of theology. Dyrness W. A., & Karkkainen. V. (eds.). Intervarsity, USA.
 
Grayston, K. (1983). Gospel. In: Richardson, A., & Bowden, J. (eds.). A new dictionary of Christian theology. SCM Press, London.
 
Gwamna, J. D. (2008). Perspectives in African theology. Africa Christian Textbooks, Bukuru.
 
Ijediogor, G., & Ezea, S. (2009). Why I went to Okija shrine with Bible, by Ngige. The Guardian, Saturday July 11, 2009.
 
Ilogu, E. C. (1974). Christianity and Igbo culture. Nok Publishers, New York.
 
Imo, C. O. (1997). Cultural matrix and the awareness of God. A case study of the Nigerian situation. Journal of Religion and Theology, 1(2) 8-26.
 
Iruonagbe, T. C. (2009). Religion and its attendant conflicts in Nigeria: A paradox. International Journal of Theology and Reformed Tradition, 1, 152-168.
 
Isichei, E. (1973). The Ibo people and the Europeans. Faber and Faber, London.
 
Iwe, N. S. S. (nd). Christianity and Culture in Africa. University Publishing Company, Onitsha.
 
Kalu, A. (1998). The lights and shades of Christianity in West Africa. Charity Press, Umuahia.
 
Kalu, O.U. (1993). Unconquered spiritual gates: Inculturation theology in Africa revisited. Journal of Religion and Theology, 1(2), 34-38.
 
Lasebikan, G. L. (2002). The Christian, the clergy, the church, spiritual realities and expectations. Lashtexts publications, Ibadan.
 
Mbon, F. M. (1993). Inculturation in African independent churches. Journal of Religion and Theology, 1(2), 10-20.
 
Nweke, G. N. (2001). Need to incorporate worthy aspects of African culture into Christianity. In: Adiele S. N (ed.). Anglican Church in Nigeria (pp.265-281). Clean Hands Productions, Ikot Ekpene.
 
Nwosu, H. N., & Kalu, O. U. (1978). The study of African culture. In: Kalu, O. U. (ed.). Readings in African humanities (pp. 3-14). Fourth Dimension Publishers, Enugu.
 
Obiechina, E. N. (1978). Doubts and directions in cultural revival. In: Kalu, O.U. (ed.). Readings in African humanities (pp. 268-280). Fourth Dimension Publishers, Enugu.
 
Onuoha, D. (2000). Liberation: A theological inquiry. Rabboni Publishers International, Enugu.
 
Onwubiko, A. O. (1993). Facing the Osu issue in the African Synod. SNAAP Press Limited, Enugu.
 
Onwubiko, A. O. (2001). The church in mission in the light of Ecclesia in Africa. Paulines Publications Africa, Nairobi.
 
Shorter, A. (1973). African culture and the Christian church. Geoffrey Chapman Publishers, London.
 
Uchem, R. N. (2001). Overcoming women's subordination. SNAAP Press Limited, Enugu.
 
Ugwu, C. O. T. (2002). Man and his Religion. Chuka Educational Publishers, Nsukka.
 
Uka, E.M. (1999). Issues in theology, mission, church and society. Clear-lines Publications, Calabar.
 
Umuoren, A.I. (2005). Theological basis of gender equality. In: Uchem, R. (ed.). Gender equality from a Christian perspective (Pp. 57-87). SNAAP Press, Enugu.
 
Uzoho, V. N. (2001). An ideal college of theology for the church. In: Adiele, S. N. (ed.). Anglican Church in Nigeria (pp. 250-263). Clean Hands Productions, Ikot-Ekpene.
 
Uzukwu, E. E. (1996). A listening church. Orbis Book, Maryknoll.