INTEGRITY JOURNAL OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
Integrity Research Journals

ISSN: 2811-2407
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/IJAH
Start Year: 2020
Email: ijah@integrityresjournals.org


The cleansing of the temple in John 2:13-22: A metaphor for de-dollarization of the Nigerian economy

https://doi.org/10.31248/IJAH2024.189   |   Article Number: 2A0A52F93   |   Vol.6 (1) - February 2025

Received Date: 31 December 2024   |   Accepted Date: 03 February 2025  |   Published Date: 28 February 2025

Author:  Alozie Chukwunyere Iroanya

Keywords: Christianity, de-dollarization, religion and politics, social action, solidarity.

The symbolic action of Jesus in the Jerusalem Temple, as recorded in John 2:13-22 highlights the abusive practices that allowed the religious leaders to profit and become wealthy at the expense of the poor and oppressed. Additionally, it reveals the marginalisation of Gentiles, who were forced to worship amidst the distractions and commotion caused by commercial activities within the Temple. This inequality was the central issue addressed by Jesus. Against this backdrop, and anchored in the Christian principle of solidarity, this study employs the historical survey and exegetical methods to advocate for a renewed commitment to Christian discipleship and the common good.   Specifically, the concept of solidarity, as demonstrated by God and Christ's identification with the poor, provides a theological foundation for confronting the "globalization of indifference" as well as the dollarization and distortions in the Nigerian economy. The actions of Jesus and the placement of this story within the Fourth Gospel are interpreted as a "call to action" against both physical and spiritual slums that, while prevalent in the first century, persist in contemporary society. Consequently, this study seeks to answer the question: How can the Temple event be utilized to address decades of dollarization and distortions in the Nigerian economy? This study recommends that both the Church and society must exercise power with justice, characterized by love.

Abdul, H. (2020). Promoting women's engagement in peace and security in northern Nigeria: Program brochure, 2nd edition. Jos: UN Women.
 
Abubakar, A. (2019). Let's get Nigeria working again. Atiku Abubakar 2019 policy document. Retrieved from https://www.theinfostride.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/ Atiku-Abubakar-Policy-Document-for-2019-15-11-2018-5.pdf.
 
Akintade, A. (2022). National grid collapses 17th time in 2022. Retrieved July 19, 2022 from https://gazettengr.com/just-in-national-grid-collapses-17th-time-in-2022/
 
Alli, W. (2024). Nigeria's debt service to revenue ratio to hit 110.4% - Rewane. Business Day. Retrieved September 20, 2024 from https://businessday.ng/news/article/nigerias-debt-service-to-revenue-ratio-to-hit-110-4-in-2024/
 
Alvarez, F. D. (2013). The temple controversy in the four gospels. Retrieved July 19, 2022 from https://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/ object/bc-ir:105001/datastream/PDF/view.
 
Andina, L. (2018). Peru: Pope Francis condemns 'globalization of indifference. Retrieved on July 5, 2022 https://andina.pe/ ingles/noticia-peru-pope-francis-condemns-globalization-of-indifference-696791.aspx.
 
Ashike, J. M. (2024). Naira gains 116.84 on increased dollar supply. Retrieved September 20, 2024 from https://businessday.ng/markets/article/naira-gains-n116-84-on-increased-dollar-supply/
 
Brown, R. (1988). The Gospel and Epistles of John: A concise commentary. Collegeville, MN: The order of St. Benedict, Inc.
 
Chapple, A. (2015). Jesus' intervention in the temple: Once or twice? Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, 58(3), 545-569.
 
Christian, R. (2014). Why inequality is the root of social evil. Retrieved March 17, 2015 from https://millennialjournal.com/2014/05/01/why-inequality-is-the-root-of-social-evil/
 
Damele, G., & Campos, A. S. (2022). Introduction. Elite Theory: Philosophical Challenges. Topoi, 41(1), 1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-022-09794-1
 
Dazang, N. (2022). The mistake of 2015. The Guardian. Retrieved July 5, 2022 from https://guardian.ng/opinion/the-mistake-of-2015/
 
George, G. (2021). 27.4m Nigerians earn less than N100K per annum -SERAP report. Punch. Retrieved September 13, 2021 from https://punchng.com/27-4m-nigerians-earn-less-than-n100k-per-annum-serap-report/#google_vignette.
 
Goodwin, D. T. (2014). The cleansing of the temple in the fourth gospel as a call to action for social justice. Gardner-Webb University. Retrieved July 7, 2022 from https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=1000&context=religion_etd.
 
Hamblin, W. (2011). John 2:13-25: The purification of the temple. Academia. Pp. 1-10. Retrieved July 9, 2022 from https://www.academia.edu/428179/purification-of-the-temple.
 
Haralambos, M., & Holborn, H. (2008). Sociology: Themes and perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 
Heyers, K. E. (2020). Walls on the land and in the heart: Fratelli Tutti and migration. Berkley Center. Retrieved July 5, 2022 from https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/responses/walls-on-the-land-and-in-the-heart-fratelli-tutti-and-migration.
 
Iroanya, A. C. (2016). Social justice, human dignity, and Christian mission in Nigerian society. PhD thesis submitted to the Department of Philosophy and Religion, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki.
 
Iyatse, G. (2024). Is Nigeria's economy becoming uninvestable? Retrieved from July 20, 2024 from https://panafricanreview. com/is-nigerias-economy-becoming-uninvestable/.
 
Kanagaraj, J. J. (1998). Worship, Sacrifice and Mission: Themes Interlocked in John. Indian Journal of Theology 40(1&2), 16-39.
 
Kim, Y. S. (2009). Jesus in the temple: John 2:13-22 with Mark 11:15-19. Department of Religion, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, S214 Callaway Center, 537 Kilgo Circle, Mailstop: 1535/002/1AA, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. Pp. 1-9. Retrieved July 19, 2022 from https://religion.emory.edu/.
 
Løland, O. J. (2021). The Solved Conflict: Pope Francis and Liberation Theology. International Journal of Latin American Religions, 5(2), 287-314.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41603-021-00137-3
 
Mahr, N. (2023). Elite theory: Definition, history, and theorists. Study.com. Retrieved December 26, 2024 from https://study.com/academy/lesson/elite-theory-overview-history-examples.html#:~:text=Elite%20theory%20is%20a %20concept,and%20cultural%20aspects%20of%20society.
 
Martinez, R. J. (2022). The cleansing of the temple: John 2:13-22. Unpublished MA paper submitted to Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey.
 
Mescher, M. (2016). Globalization of indifference. Retrieved from July 5, 2022 from https://millennialjournal.com/tag/ globalization-of-indifference/.
 
Michel, R. (1915). Political parties: A sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies in modern democracy. German: Werner Klinkhardt.
 
Mills, C. W. (1956). The power elites. New York: Oxford University Press.
 
Mosca, G. (1939). The ruling class. New York: McGraw-Hill.
 
Nwaogwugwu, I. C. (2024). Dollarization of naira payments and Nigeria's macroeconomic stability. Retrieved September 20, 2024 from https://nairametrics.com/2024/03/26/dollarisation-of-naira-payments-and-nigerias-macroeconomic-instability/.
 
Olagunju, L. (2022). Peter Obi: Time to destroy this temple. Tribune Online. Retrieved January 25, 2024 from https://tribuneonlineng.com/peter-obi-time-to-destroy-this-temple/.
 
Olayungbo, D. O., & Ajuwon, K. T. (2015). Dollarization, inflation and interest rate in Nigeria. CBN Journal of Applied Statistics, 6(1), 241-261.
 
Olorunfemi, S. (2021). Devaluation, de-dollarization, and distortions of the Nigerian economy. Premium Times. Retrieved on March 18, 2022 from https://www.premium timesng.com/opinion/484967-devaluation-de-dollarisation-and-distortion-of-the-nigerian-economy-by-simbo-olorunfemi.html?tztc=1.
 
Pareto, V. (1963). A treaties on general sociology. New York: Dover Publication.
 
Parry, G. (1969). Political elites. London: Allen and Unwin.
 
Perelygin, Y. (2015). De-dollarization of a dollarized economy. Vox Ukraine. Retrieved September 30, 2024 from https://voxukraine.org/en/de-dollarization-of-a-dollarized-economy.
 
Pinshi, C. (2020). Dollarization and foreign exchange reserve: Debate on the effectiveness of monetary policy in DR. Congo. Retrieved July 19, 2022 from https://hal.science/hal-03087715/document.
 
Pistilli, M. (2024). What is de-dollarization and is it good or bad? Nasdaq. Retrieved September 30, 2024 from https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/what-de-dollarization-and-it-good-or-bad#:~:text=or%20other%20commodities.-,Investor%20takeaway,driving%20forces%20behind%20this%20trend.
 
Pope Francis (2016). January 1, 2016 millennial address: Overcome indifference. A new year message delivered at the Vatican City, Rome.
 
Robbins, V. (2009). The invention of Christian discourse. Wiltshire: Doe publishing.
 
Salzman, T. A., & Lawler, M. G. (2018). Solidarity and Catholic Social Thought: Confronting the Globalization of Indifference. Journal of Religion & Society. Supplement, 16, 125-149.
 
Smalley, S. S. (1994). Thunder and love: John's Revelation and John's community. England: Word publishing Ltd.
 
Sorondo, M. S. (2015). The program of Pope Francis according to the gospel: the Church as intrinsically a social movement to make the last first. Paper presented at the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, Human Trafficking: Issues beyond criminalization from 17-21 April, 2015 at Casina Pio IV, Vatican City, and Rome.
 
Sote, L. (2024). Dump this painful forex regime. Retrieved January 24, 2024 from https://punchng.com/dump-this-painful-forex-regime.
 
Stevens, C. S. (2020). John's portrayal of Jesus as the divine Adamic priest and what it means for the temple cleansing in John 2:13-25. Retrieved June 16, 2022 from https://doi.org//1163/97890044135612-011.
https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004435612_011
 
Udukobong, E., & Babatunde, B. (2019). The Prospect of Dollarization in Nigeria: An Empirical Review. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 8(4), 220-231.
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20190804.17
 
Umezurike, C. (2011). Solving ethno-religious conflicts and violence in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: The prognostic inadequacy. International Journal of Theology and Reformed Tradition, 3, 163-194.
 
White, R. (2011). The cleansing of the temple. Sermon Central. Retrieved July 19, 2022 from https://sermoncentral.com/sermons/the-cleansing-of-the-temple-richard-white-sermon-on-authority-158703.
 
William, H. (2006). Britain's power elites. The rebirth of a ruling class. London: Constable.
 
Wilson, J. R. (2002). Homecoming: A prophetic study of Ruth. Michigan: Faith Walk.