Global Journal of Earth and Environmental Science

This work concerns the evaluation of the performances of some selected rain attenuation models at two different locations in Lagos, Nigeria at 12 and 40 GHz. Scarcity of rainfall data in the tropical regions resulted in abysmal research efforts into the causes and solutions to satellite signal outages, this was further exacerbated by the convective tropical rain precipitations. The globally adopted ITU-R model, had been declared unsuitable for predicting rain attenuation in the tropics by several researchers in the literature. Two-year (January 2016 to December 2017) local rainfall data were sourced from the Nigerian Meteorological Services (NIMET) for two coastal stations (Ikeja and Oshodi). Rain attenuation exceeded for rain rate at 0.01% of the time, A_0.01 was computed after the 1-hour rain rate integration time which was sourced from NIMET was converted to 1-minute integration time. Attenuation exceeded for other percentages of time were also obtained using statistical interpolation and extrapolation methods. The collected data were tested with ITU-R, SST, SAM, DAH and Silva Mello et al. For Ikeja at 12 GHz, the SST was observed to closely match the measurement attenuation at 0.01% ≤ p ≤ 1% of time exceeded; closely followed by Silver Mello. For Oshodi also at 12 GHz, SST intersected with the measured attenuation at 0.01% ≤ p ≤ 0.03%, and p = 0.1%, of time. However, at 40 GHz, all the prediction models performed poorly by underestimating the measurement for Ikeja, although SST showed the best effort. The SST model matched the measurement, especially at p = 0.03% and p = 0.5% for Oshodi at 40 GHz, closely followed by Silva Mello which matched the measurement at p = 0.05% and p = 0.1%, while ITU-R, SAM and DAH largely underestimated the measurement. The SST was therefore affirmed the overall best performed rain attenuation prediction model for both stations at both frequency bands; closely followed by the Silva Mello. ITU-R, SAM and DAH on the other hand performed poorly. The findings arising from this work could present useful information to satellite equipment designers and manufacturers, while at the same time ensuring that service providers conform to the required service level agreements.