Global Journal of Earth and Environmental Science

This study investigates the optimisation of river flow velocities for hydropower generation using a flywheel water turbine system, presenting a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to conventional dam-based energy infrastructure in Nigeria. The country suffers a persistent energy deficit aggravated by incomplete, silted and politicised dam projects, which have significantly impacted negatively on industrial productivity, compounded by high fuel and transportation costs. In response, this research explores a method of using hydrokinetic energy potential at three key locations: Lokoja (Upper Niger River), Makurdi (Lower Benue River), and Onitsha (Lower Niger River). The river velocities recorded from February to October 2023 ranged between 6.2–10.8 m/s, 5.6–10.4 m/s, and 5.3–9.6 m/s, respectively. Given these high flow velocities, the deployment of flywheel-based turbines emerges as a viable solution for decentralized hydropower generation. The system is designed using high-strength steel flywheels operating efficiently at 90%, and capable of functioning under hydraulic heads from of 4 meters. Utilizing a reaction-type (Kaplan) turbine with adjustable pitch blades whose configuration allows for adaptability to varying flow and head conditions. The turbine unit, mounted on a floating platform that maintains stability with water level fluctuations, includes a three-phase horizontal hydro generator. In some cases, partial submersion of the flywheel is employed to mitigate instability during high-flow events then positioned in deep gorges and connected to generator houses. These systems provide electricity ranging from 276 – 840 MW and support auxiliary functions like water supply and irrigation. When this work is carried out in some other rivers, it will offer a strategic resolution to Nigeria’s persistent energy crisis.