GLOBAL JOURNAL OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2636-6002
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/GJEES
Start Year: 2016
Email: gjees@integrityresjournals.org
Evaluation of surface water quality in Aba Area, Southeastern Nigeria, using multivariate statistical analysis techniques
https://doi.org/10.31248/GJEES2024.161 | Article Number: 6BA13C8A3 | Vol.9 (3) - October 2024
Received Date: 15 September 2024 | Accepted Date: 28 October 2024 | Published Date: 30 October 2024
Authors: Daniels-Azoma, A. E.* , Okeke, O. C. , Ubechu, B. O., , Amadi, C. C. , Ajayi, O. and Nweli, I. H.
Keywords: principal component, Anthropogenic activities, correlation coefficient, hydrogeochemical parameters, River water
Aba River in Aba Area is an urban river impacted by anthropogenic activities in the area including industrial, commercial, transportation, agricultural, and recreational activities as well as solid and liquid waste disposal; these are activities which mostly result in water pollution. The objective of this study is to measure the concentration of hydrogeochemical parameters in Aba River, and evaluate their impact on the water quality, trace pollutant sources and principal contaminants and pollutants in the river. In this study, water samples were collected from 7 locations along the river course, starting from the headwaters and the concentration of the following hydrogeochemical parameters were measured: Temperature, T, pH, Electrical Conductivity, EC, Dissolved Oxygen, DO, Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD, Total Dissolved Solid, TDS, Iron, Fe, Aluminum, Al, Cadmium, Cd, Chromium, Cr, Cobalt, Co, Vanadium, V, Zinc, In, Nickel, Ni, Mercury, Hg, Arsenic, As, Manganese Mn, and Cooper, Cu. Using Principal Component Analysis, PCA, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, HCA, and Correlation Matrix, the data obtained from the measured hydrogeochemical parameters were analyzed. The analyses show the following mean values: pH: 5.7, EC: 42mg/l, DO: 5.8mg/l, COD: 74.3, TDS: 27.4 mg/l. PCA shows 100% positive loading for Principal Component (PC)1 – Principal Component (PC) 4 indicating that Aba River pollution originates from industrial anthropogenic activities. HCA shows one group and one cluster, implying hydrogeochemical contamination from the same source.
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