GLOBAL JOURNAL OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2636-6002
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/GJEES
Start Year: 2016
Email: gjees@integrityresjournals.org
Assessing the extent of heavy metal contamination in crude oil-impacted soils in the Niger Delta, Nigeria using geochemical indicators
https://doi.org/10.31248/GJEES2020.067 | Article Number: 3F4873821 | Vol.7 (1) - February 2022
Received Date: 25 April 2020 | Accepted Date: 20 July 2020 | Published Date: 28 February 2022
Authors: Ayibawari O. Egai* , Reward K. Douglas and Ayebatin Fou
Keywords: soil pollution., Crude oil-contaminated soil, geo-accumulation index, metal contamination, pollution load index
The study presents heavy metal (HM) [copper-Cu, chromium-Cr, nickel-Ni, vanadium-V, lead-Pb, zinc-Zn and iron-Fe] contamination in genuine crude oil-impacted soils and pristine (control) soils. HM concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Using soil Contamination factor, Enrichment factor, Pollution load index and Geo-accumulation index, the extent of heavy metal contamination in soils were determined and compared. Results of contaminated factor (CF) of Cu, Cr, Ni, and V were very high in the impacted soils whereas CF of Pb indicated considerable level of contamination. Pollution load index was greater than 1 which implies severe pollution in all the impacted soils while; the control soils indicated a pollution load index of less than 1 showing no pollution. Enrichment factor values of the impacted soils were between 0 and 1, which reveals background enrichment showing the presence of the metals above the threshold values. This may be attributed to anthropogenic sources especially oil spill contamination. The results of geo-accumulation index of Zn, Pb, and V showed considerable accumulation whereas, Fe, Cu, Cr and Ni indicated unpolluted to moderately pollution. Results of V, Ni, Pb, and Cr may be attributed to anthropogenic origin, which are in agreement with the calculated values of the enrichment factor. Results suggest the need for environmental risk assessment and/or remediation of the numerous oil spill sites for soil health and wellbeing of humans.
| Abbasnia, A., Alimohammadi, M., Mahvi, A. H., Nabizadeh, R., Yousefi, M., Mohammadi, A. A., Pasalari, H., & Mirzabeigi, M. (2018). Assessment of groundwater quality and evaluation of scaling and corrosiveness potential of drinking water samples in villages of Chabahr city, Sistan and Baluchistan province in Iran. Data in Brief, 16, 182-192. Crossref |
||||
| Abrahim, G. M. S., & Parker, R. J. (2008). Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 136(1-3), 227-238. Crossref |
||||
| Akujieze, C. N. (2004). Effects of anthropogenic activities (sand quarrying and waste disposal) on Benin City urban groundwater system and aquifer vulnerability assessment in Edo State, Nigeria. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. | ||||
| Allen, J. R. L. (1965). Sediments of the modern Niger Delta: A summary and Review. In: Morgan, J. P., & shaver, R. H. (eds.). Deltaic sedimentation, modern and ancient. SEPM special Publication 15, 138-151. | ||||
| Atgin, R. S., El-Agha, O., Zararsız, A., Kocataş, A., Parlak, H., & Tuncel, G. (2000). Investigation of the sediment pollution in Izmir Bay: trace elements. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 55(7), 1151-1164. Crossref |
||||
| Banerjee, U., & Gupta, S. (2012). Source and distribution of lead, cadmium, iron and manganese in the river Damodar near Asansol Industrial Area, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(3), 1531-1542. Crossref |
||||
| Bhuiyan, M. A., Parvez, L., Islam, M. A., Dampare, S. B., & Suzuki, S. (2010). Heavy metal pollution of coal mine-affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173(1-3), 384-392. Crossref |
||||
| Cai, L., Xu, Z., Bao, P., He, M., Dou, L., Chen, L., Zhou, Y., & Zhu, Y. G. (2015). Multivariate and geostatistical analyses of the spatial distribution and source of arsenic and heavy metals in the agricultural soils in Shunde, Southeast China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 148, 189-195. Crossref |
||||
| Chakravarty, M., & Patgiri, A. D. (2009). Metal pollution assessment in sediments of the Dikrong River, NE India. Journal of Human Ecology, 27(1), 63-67. Crossref |
||||
| Cobelo-Garcı́a, A., & Prego, R. (2003). Land inputs, behaviour and contamination levels of copper in a ria estuary (NW Spain). Marine Environmental Research, 56(3), 403-422. Crossref |
||||
| Dai, J., Song, J., Li, X., Yuan, H., Li, N., & Zheng, G. (2007). Environmental changes reflected by sedimentary geochemistry in recent hundred years of Jiaozhou Bay, North China. Environmental Pollution, 145(3), 656-667. Crossref |
||||
| Ekweozor, C. M., & Daukoru, E. M. (1994). Northern Delta Depobelt Portion of the Akata-Agbada (1) Petroleum System, Niger Delta, Nigeria: Chapter 36: Part VI. Case Studies--Eastern Hemisphere. | ||||
| Etu-Efeotor, J. O., & Odigi, M. I. (1983). Water supply problems in the eastern Niger Delta. Journal of Mining and Geology, 20(1-2), 183-193. | ||||
| Hu, Y., Liu, X., Bai, J., Shih, K., Zeng, E. Y., & Cheng, H. (2013). Assessing heavy metal pollution in the surface soils of a region that had undergone three decades of intense industrialization and urbanization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(9), 6150-6159. Crossref |
||||
| Huheey, J. E. (1983). Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity. 3rd edition, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, p. 912. | ||||
| Kalis, A. J., Merkt, J., & Wunderlich, J. (2003). Environmental changes during the Holocene climatic optimum in central Europe-human impact and natural causes. Quaternary Science Reviews, 22(1), 33-79. Crossref |
||||
| Kamaruzzaman, B. Y., Ong, M. C., NoorAzhar, M. S., Shahbudin, S., & Jalal, K. C. A. (2008). Geochemistry of sediment in the major estuarine mangrove forest of Terengganu region, Malaysia. American Journal of Applied Science, 5(12), 1707-1712. Crossref |
||||
| Loska, K., Cebula, J., Pelczar, J., Wiechuła, D., & Kwapuliński, J. (1997). Use of enrichment, and contamination factors together with geoaccumulation indexes to evaluate the content of Cd, Cu, and Ni in the Rybnik water reservoir in Poland. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 93(1-4), 347-365. Crossref |
||||
| Lou, X., Yu, S., & Li, X. D. (2012). The mobility, bioavailability, and human bioaccessibility of trace metals in urban soils of Hong Kong. Applied Geochemistry, 27(5), 995-1004. Crossref |
||||
| Muller, V. (1969). Geochemical Index for pollution assessment in Aquatic Environment. Springer, New York, NY, USA. | ||||
| Nyangababo, J. T., Henry, L., & Omutange, E. (2005). Lead, cadmium, copper, manganese, and zinc in wetland waters of Victoria Lake basin, East Africa. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 74(5), 1003-1010. Crossref |
||||
| Offodile, M. E. (1992). Groundwater study and development in Nigeria. 2nd edition. Mecon Geology, Ltd., Jos, p. 453. | ||||
| Ruiz, F. (2001). Trace metals in estuarine sediments from the southwestern Spanish coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 42(6), 481-489. Crossref |
||||
| Sakan, S. M., Đorđević, D. S., Manojlović, D. D., & Predrag, P. S. (2009). Assessment of heavy metal pollutants accumulation in the Tisza river sediments. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(11), 3382-3390. Crossref |
||||
| Song, T., Su, X., He, J., Liang, Y., & Zhou, T. (2018). Source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soils in Xinglonggang, Northeastern China. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 24(2), 509-521. Crossref |
||||
| Sutherland, R. A. (2000). Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Geology, 39(6), 611-627. Crossref |
||||
| Tomlinson, D. L., Wilson, J. G., Harris, C. R., & Jeffrey, D. W. (1980). Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgoländer meeresuntersuchungen, 33, 566-575. Crossref |
||||
| Turekian, K. K., & Wedepohl, K. H. (1961). Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth's crust. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 72(2), 175-192. Crossref |
||||
| Udom, G. J., Esu, E. O., & Ekwere, S. J. (1998). Quality status of groundwater in Calabar Municipality, southeastern Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 163-170. | ||||
| Wang, G. J., Bai, Z. G., Qing, H., Mather, J. D., Huang, R. G., Wang, H. R., Tang, D. G., & Xiao, B. H. (2003). Geochemical records in recent sediments of Lake Erhai: implications for environmental changes in a low latitude-high altitude lake in southwest China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 21(5), 489-502. Crossref |
||||
| Wei, M., Yanwen, Q., Zheng, B., & Zhang, L. (2008). Heavy metal pollution in Tianjin Bohai bay, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20(7), 814-819. Crossref |
||||
| Yousefi, M., Saleh, H. N., Mahvi, A. H., Alimohammadi, M., Nabizadeh, R., & Mohammadi, A. A. (2018). Data on corrosion and scaling potential of drinking water resources using stability indices in Jolfa, East Azerbaijan, Iran. Data in Brief, 16, 724-731. Crossref |
||||
Copyright © 2025 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.