APPLIED JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2756-6684
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/AJPS
Start Year: 2018
Email: ajps@integrityresjournals.org
Radiological risk assessment and bioaccumulation of natural radionuclides in sediments and mackerel from oil-impacted coastal areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
https://doi.org/10.31248/AJPS2026.144 | Article Number: 94E5A7512 | Vol.7 (4) - August 2026
Received Date: 06 May 2026 | Accepted Date: 25 June 2026 | Published Date: 30 August 2026
Authors: Abai Idoroenyin Jacob* , Nyakno Jimmy George , Ekanem Aniekan Ekanem and Okwet Joseph Yawo
Keywords: Bio-accumulation, activity concentration, Niger Delta, mackerel, radiological risk, TENORM, transfer factor.
This study evaluates the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides (⁴⁰K, ²³⁸U, and ²³²Th) in sediments and mackerel fish collected from Eastern Obolo, Mbo, and Ibeno in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, with emphasis on radiological health risks and transfer dynamics. Samples were collected, processed, and analysed using a NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometry system. Radiological indices including absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose (AED), annual gonadal dose (AGD), excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), and hazard indices (Hex and Hin) were computed using standard models. Results indicate that ⁴⁰K exhibited the highest activity concentration (304.28 ± 140.32 Bq/kg), while ²³²Th (62.19 ± 11.10 Bq/kg) exceeded global reference values, suggesting enrichment. Most radiological indices remained within world averages and international safety recommendations; however, elevated values observed in Ibeno indicate localised radiological concern. Transfer factor analysis revealed enhanced bioaccumulation, particularly for ²³⁸U and ²³²Th, indicating increased radionuclide mobility. Although sediment-associated risks are low to moderate, elevated transfer into fish suggests a potential pathway for human exposure via seafood consumption. Average excess lifetime hereditary risk (ELHR) was 60.65 × 10⁻⁶, equivalent to 61 cases per million people. Although these values are low, stochastic effects cannot be ruled out, and therefore continuous monitoring and regulation of oil-related activities are recommended.
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