JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7072
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASP
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasp@integrityresjournals.org
Comparative effect of pig manure, urea fertilizer and their combinations on the performance of Amaranthus cruentus in a Rainforest Ultisol, Nigeria
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2016.014 | Article Number: EE0D1FDE2 | Vol.1 (3) - October 2016
Received Date: 14 July 2016 | Accepted Date: 23 August 2016 | Published Date: 30 October 2016
Authors: Otobong B. Iren* , Christiana J. Ijah , Damian O. Asawalam and Victor E. Osodeke
Keywords: Soil fertility, Amaranthus, growth and development, yield.
The influence of pig manure, urea and their combinations on the performance of Amaranthus cruentus was investigated for two years in a rainforest Ultisol of Umudike. The experiment was laid down in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Six treatments consisted of pig manure applied at equivalent rates of 90 kg N/ha as full dose of manure, urea at 60 kg N/ha as full dose of urea. Other treatments were ½ dose of manure (45 kg N/ha) + ½ dose of urea (30 kg N/ha), ¼ dose of manure (22.5 kg N/ha) + ¾ dose of urea (45 kg N/ha), ¾ dose of manure (67.5 kg N/ha) + ¼ dose of urea (15 kg N/ha), and the absolute control. Results indicated that Amaranthus plant height was not significantly (P >0.05) affected by the treatments compared to the control. The overall results showed that the combination of ½ manure + ½ urea significantly (P < 0.05) increased stem girth (17.42 cm), number of leaves per plant (44.76), fresh yield (41.51 t/ha) and dry matter yield (3.49 t/ha) of Amaranthus than sole application of either of them, and is therefore recommended as the best for optimum production of Amaranthus in the study area.
| Adediran, J. A., Akande, M. O. and Akanbi, W. B. (2005). Effect of organic root plus (Biostimulant) on nutrient content, growth and yield of tomato. Nigerian Journal of Soil Science, 15, 26-33. | ||||
| Adeniyan, O. N. and Ojeniyi, S. O. (2005). Effect of poultry manure, NPK 15-15-15 and combination of their reduced levels on maize growth and soil chemical properties. Nigerian Journal of Soil Science, 15, 34-41. | ||||
| Ayuba, S. A.; Attah, E. S., & Ali, E. A. T. (2001). Growth response of Amaranthus (Amaranthus cruentus L) to applica-tion of urea and organic manure under irrigation. Proceedings of the 27th Annual conference of the Soil Science Society of Nigeria, 226- 230. | ||||
| Belay, A., Classens, A. S., Wehner, F. C., & Beer, J. D. (2001). Influence of residual manure on selected nutrient elements and microbial composition of soil under long-term crop rotation. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 18, 1-6. Crossref |
||||
| Chand, S., Anwar, M., & Patra, D. D. (2006). Influence of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers to build up soil fertility and nutrient uptake in mint-mustard cropping sequence. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 37:63-76. Crossref |
||||
| Chen, J. (2008). The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers and/or Bio fertilizer for growth and soil fertility. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center (FFTC) Database, Taiwan. | ||||
| Hoffman, I., Gerling, D., Kyiogwon, U.S., & Mane-Bieldfeldt, A. (2001). Farmer's management strategies to maintain soil fertility in a remote area in northwest Nigeria. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 86, 263-275. Crossref |
||||
| Iren, O. B., & Osodeke, V. E. (2006). Estimation of Water Requirements of Early and Late Season Pepper (Capsicum annum) in Umudike, South-Eastern Nigeria. Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5 (2), 95-99. | ||||
| Iren, O. B., Akpan, J. F., Ediene, V. F., & Asanga, E. E. (2015). Influence of cassava peels and poultry manure-based compost on soil properties, growth and yield of waterleaf (Talinum triangulare Jacq) in an ultisol of south-eastern Nigeria. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, 6(7), 187-194. Crossref |
||||
| Iren, O. B., Asawalam, D. O., & Osodeke, V. E. (2011). Effects of Time and Method of pig manure application on growth parameters and yield of Amaranthus cruentus in a Rainforest Ultisol in Nigeria. Production Agriculture and Technology (PAT) Journal, 7(1), 103-116. | ||||
| Iren, O. B., Asawalam, D. O., Osodeke, V. E., & John, N. M. (2012). Comparative effects of animal manures and urea fertilizer on soil properties in a Rainforest Ultisol. Journal of Agricultural Research and Policies, 6(2), 51-56. | ||||
| Iren, O. B., John, N. M., & Imuk, E. A. (2014). Effects of sole and combined applications of organic manures and urea on soil properties and yield of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis, Hook f.). Nigerian Journal of Soil Science, 24(1), 125-133. | ||||
| Maerere, A. P., Kimbi, G. G., & Nonga, D. L. M. (2001). Comparative effectiveness of animal manures on soil chemical properties, yield and root growth of Amaranthus (Amaranthus Cruentus L.). African Journal of Science and Technology, 1(4), 14-21. | ||||
| Messiaen, C. M. (1992). The tropical vegetable garden: Principles for improvements and increased production with application to the main vegetable types, 514p. | ||||
| Mnkeni, A. P.; Masika, P., & Maphaha, M. (2007). Nutritional quality of vegetable and seed from different accessions of Amaranthus in South Africa. Water SA, 33(3), 377-380. | ||||
| Obasi, M. N., Mbanaso, E. N. A. Ano, A. O., & Onwubiko, O. (2006). Effect of combination of organic materials and mineral fertilizer on the growth and yield of cocoyam. Proceedings of the 40th conference of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASN), Umudike, 386-388. | ||||
| Palm, C. A., Myers, R. J. K., & Nandwa, S. M. (1997). Combined use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources for soil fertility maintenance and replenishment. In: Replenishing soil fertility in Africa. Buresh, R. J., Sanchez, P. A., & Calhoun, F. (Eds). Special Publication, Soil Science Society of America, Madison WI, 51, 193-217. | ||||
| SAS (Statistical Analysis System) (1989). Statistical Analysis System User's guide: Statistics SAS Institute. | ||||
| Satyanarayana, V. M., Vera Prasad, P. V., Murphy, V. R. K., & Boots, K. J. (2002). Influence of integrated use of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer on yield and yield components of irrigated lowland rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25(10), 2081-2090. Crossref |
||||
| Schippers, R. R. (2000). African indigenous vegetables. An overview of the cultivated species. Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute / ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, 214p. | ||||
| Tandon, H. L. S. (1991). Fertilizer recommendation for horticultural crops. A Guidebook. 2nd ed. Fertilizer Development and Consultation Organization, New Delhi, India, 104p. | ||||
| Zublena, J. P., Barker, J. C., & Carter, T. A. (1996). Poultry manure as a fertilizer source. In: Water quality and waste management. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, 439- 456. | ||||
Copyright © 2026 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.