RESEARCH JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
Integrity Research Journals

ISSN: 2756-6676
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/RJBEM
Start Year: 2017
Email: rjbem@integrityresjournals.org


Motivation and job satisfaction in higher education: A case of a private university in Ghana

https://doi.org/10.31248/RJBEM2025.106   |   Article Number: 86C675182   |   Vol.8 (2) - June 2025

Received Date: 28 January 2025   |   Accepted Date: 16 June 2025  |   Published Date: 30 June 2025

Authors:  Stephen Nanyele and Gideon Alexander Yeboah*

Keywords: job satisfaction, Economic motivation, psychological motivation, organisational-administrative motivation

Motivation is crucial in both private and governmental organisations. Motivated workers exhibit higher levels of self-motivation and an orientation toward autonomy and independence compared to less motivated individuals, which enables them to seize opportunities for professional growth.  Studies have shown that in Ghana, institutions located in the agrarian areas, particularly educational institutions, find it even more difficult to recruit and retain their staff than their counterparts in the urban centres. Motivation is found to be a variable responsible for this phenomenon. In this study, we examine the relationship between motivation, conceptualised under economic, psychological and organisational-administrative motivation, on job satisfaction of staff of the Catholic University of Ghana, Fiapre. To gather and examine the data from the respondents, the study employed a quantitative research methodology. All employees of the Catholic University of Ghana, Fiapre, made up the study's population. There were 118 responders in the population as a whole. The study obtained a sample size of 91 respondents by using a convenience sampling technique. Closed-ended questionnaires were used. Regression analysis, means, and standard deviation were used to examine the data. The survey found that workers were not very happy with the institution's incentives, especially with regard to overtime compensation and official transportation. Lastly, the study discovered a substantial correlation between job satisfaction and organisational-administration, psychological, and economic motivation. Because of the highly significant positive link on job satisfaction, the study suggested, among other things, a multifaceted approach to motivation, that the organisation carefully and quickly explore improving motivation to satisfy employees’ expectations for more production.

Agwu, M. O. (2013). Conflict management and employee performance in Julius Berger Nigeria PLC. Bonny Island. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 2, 125-139.
 
Antwi, J. O., Opoku, A. C., Seth, A., & Margaret, O. B. (2016). Assessing the human resource management practices of public banks from employees' perspective: a case study of selected branches of Ghana Commercial Bank, Kumasi. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 4(1), 13-30.
 
Arfah, A., & Aditya, H. P. K. P. (2019). Analysis of productivity and distribution of female workers in FB's industries. Journal of Distribution Science, 17(3), 31-39.
https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.17.3.201903.31
 
Arshadi, N. (2010). Basic need satisfaction, work motivation, and job performance in an industrial company in Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 5, 1267-1272.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.273
 
Austin, W., McGinn, N. C., & Susmilch, C. (1980). Internal standards revisited: effects of social comparisons and expectancies on judgments of fairness and satisfaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16(5), 426-441.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(80)90049-9
 
Bougie, R., & Sekaran, U. (2019). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach. John Wiley & Sons.
 
Chaudhary, N., & Sharma, B. (2012). Impact of employee motivation on performance (productivity) in private organization. International Journal of Business Trends and Technology, 2(4), 29-35.
 
Cole, J. E. (2002). What motivates students to read? Four literacy personalities. The Reading Teacher, 56(4), 326-336.
 
Demircioglu, M. A., & Chen, C. A. (2019). Public employees' use of social media: Its impact on need satisfaction and intrinsic work motivation. Government Information Quarterly, 36(1), 51-60.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.11.008
 
Dong, L. N. T., & Phuong, N. N. D. (2018). Organisational justice, job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour in higher education institutions: A research proposition in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 5(3), 113-119.
https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2018.vol5.no3.113
 
Emeka, N., Amaka, O., & Ejim, E. P. (2015). The effect of employee motivation on organisational performance of selected manufacturing firms in Enugu state. World Journal of Management and Behavioural Studies, 3(1), 1-8.
 
Firman, A., Mustapa, Z., Ilyas, G. B., & Putra, A. H. P. K. (2020). Relationship of TQM on managerial performance: Evidence from property sector in Indonesia. Journal of Distribution Science, 18(1), 47-57.
https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.18.1.202001.47
 
Flynn, R. (2013). An exploratory analysis of the role of motivation within the workplace. Doctoral dissertation, Dublin, National College of Ireland.
 
Forson, J. A., Ofosu-Dwamena, E., Opoku, R. A., & Adjavon, S. E. (2021). Employee motivation and job performance: a study of basic school teachers in Ghana. Future Business Journal, 7(1), 30.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00077-6
 
Haerani, S., Sumardi, S., Hakim, W., Hartini, H., & Putra, A. H. P. K. (2020). Structural model of developing human resources performance: Empirical study of Indonesia states owned enterprises. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(3), 211-221.
https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no3.211
 
Hayati, K., & Caniago, I. (2012). Islamic work ethic: The role of intrinsic motivation, job satisfaction, organisational commitment and job performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 65, 1102-1106.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.148
 
Indahingwati, A., Launtu, A., Tamsah, H., Firman, A., Putra, A. H. P. K., & Aswari, A. (2019). How digital technology driven millennial consumer behaviour in Indonesia. Journal of Distribution Science, 17(8), 25-34.
https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.17.8.201908.25
 
Kim, S. J., & Chung, E. K. (2019). The effect of organizational justice as perceived by occupational drivers on traffic accidents: Mediating effects of job satisfaction. Journal of Safety Research, 68, 27-32.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2018.11.001
 
Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In: Dunnette, M. D. (ed.). Handbook of industrial and organisational psychology (pp. 1297-1343). Chicago: Rand McNally.
 
Manzoor, Q. A. (2012). Impact of employee motivation on organizational effectiveness. Business Management and Strategy, 3(1), 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.5296/bms.v3i1.904
 
Mappamiring, M., Akob, M., & Putra, A. H. P. K. (2020). What do millennial workers want? Turnover or intention to stay in the company. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(5), 237-248.
https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no5.237
 
Meng, J., & Berger, B. K. (2019). The impact of organizational culture and leadership performance on PR professionals' job satisfaction: Testing the joint mediating effects of engagement and trust. Public Relations Review, 45(1), 64-75.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.11.002
 
Mitchell, R., Schuster, L., & Jin, H. S. (2020). Gamification and the impact of extrinsic motivation on needs satisfaction: Making work fun? Journal of Business Research, 106, 323-330.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.022
 
Mumin, A. A., & Iddrisu, S. (2022). Employee turnover and job satisfaction: A synthesis of factors influencing employee turnover in institutions of higher learning in Ghana. International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review, 9(4), 104.
https://doi.org/10.15739/IJEPRR.22.012
 
Muogbo, U. S. (2013). The influence of motivation on employees' performance: a study of some selected firms in Anambra State. An International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2(3), 134-151.
 
Nurhilalia, N., Rahman, K. A., Mahlia, M., Jusni, J., & Aditya, H. P. K. P. (2019). Determinant of market orientation on SME performance: RBV and SCP perspective. Journal of Distribution Science, 17(9), 35-45.
https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.17.9.201909.35
 
Paais, M., & Pattiruhu, J. R. (2020). Effect of motivation, leadership, and organisational culture on satisfaction and employee performance. The journal of Asian finance, economics and business, 7(8), 577-588.
https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no8.577
 
Pool, S.W. (1997), The relationship of job satisfaction with substitutes of leadership, leadership behaviour, and work motivation, The Journal of Psychology, 131(3), 271283.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00223989709603514
 
Rahaman, M. A., Ali, M. J., Wafik, H. M., Mamoon, Z. R., & Islam, M. M. (2020). What factors do motivate employees at the workplace? Evidence from service organisations. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(12), 515-521.
https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no12.515
 
Silla, I., Navajas, J., & Koves, G. K. (2017). Organizational culture and a safety-conscious work environment: The mediating role of employee communication satisfaction. Journal of Safety Research, 61, 121-127.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2017.02.005
 
Stone, D. L., Stone-Romero, E. F., & Lukaszewski, K. M. (2007). The impact of cultural values on the acceptance and effectiveness of human resource management policies and practices. Human Resource Management Review, 17(2), 152-165.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2007.04.003
 
Tietjen, M. A., & Myers, R. M. (1998). Motivation and job satisfaction. Management decision, 36(4), 226-231.
https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749810211027
 
Tzifakis, N. (2013). Economic motivations for armed conflict. Encyclopedia Princetoniensis: The Princeton Encyclopedia of Self-Determination.
 
Van den Berghe, L., Vansteenkiste, M., Cardon, G., Kirk, D., & Haerens, L. (2014). Research on self-determination in physical education: Key findings and proposals for future research. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 19(1), 97-121.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2012.732563
 
Weiss, H.M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 173-194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(02)00045-1
 
Wilkinson, A. D., & Wagner, R. M. (1993). Supervisory leadership styles and state vocational rehabilitation counsellor job satisfaction and productivity. Rehabilitation Counselling Bulletin, 37(1), 15-24.
 
Wright, B.E. & Kim, S. (2004), Participation's influence on job satisfaction: the importance of job characteristics, Review of Public Personnel Administration, 24(1), 18-40.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X03259860
 
Zameer, H., Ali, S., Nisar, W., & Amir, M. (2014). The impact of motivation on the employee's performance in the beverage industry of Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(1), 293-298.
https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS/v4-i1/630