GLOBAL JOURNAL OF FISHERIES SCIENCE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2782-750X
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/GJFS
Start Year: 2018
Email: gjfs@integrityresjournals.org
Brown trout (Salmo trutta) redd locations in Iron Creek, Lawrence County, South Dakota, USA
https://doi.org/10.31248/GJFS2024.060 | Article Number: F096EB762 | Vol.6 (5) - December 2024
Received Date: 23 July 2024 | Accepted Date: 13 December 2024 | Published Date: 30 December 2024
Authors: Brody T. Weavill , Jill M. Voorhees* , Abigail Domagall and Michael E. Barnes
Keywords: Salmo trutta, spawning, non-native, self-sustaining.
This study documented brown trout (Salmo trutta) redds and their locations in the eastern most 1.8 km stretch of Iron Creek, Lawrence County, South Dakota, USA, during the fall of 2023. The first redds were observed on September 19, 2023. Weekly observations continued until no new redds were observed on October 27. Throughout the six-week period, a total of 67 redds were documented, with a peak of 19 redds on September 23. Stream temperatures varied from 2 to 10°C throughout the study, with the highest number of redds observed at 9°C. This is the first and only study to document brown trout redd locations and the timing of redd construction in Iron Creek.
| Alp, A., Kara, C., & Buyukcapar, H. M. (2003). Reproductive biology of brown trout, Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril 1858, in a tributary of the Ceyhan River which flows into the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 19(6), 346-351. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2003.00455.x |
||||
| Baldock, J. R., Al-Chokhachy, R., Walsworth, T. E., & Walters, A. (2023). Redd superimposition mediates the accuracy, precision and significance of redd counts for cutthroat trout. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 80(5), 825-839. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2022-0267 |
||||
| Barlaup, B. T., Gabrielsen, S. E., Skoglund, H., & Wiers, T. (2008). Addition of spawning gravel-a means to restore spawning habitat of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), and anadromous and resident brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in regulated rivers. River Research and Applications, 24(5), 543-550. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1127 |
||||
| Barnes, M. E. (2007). Fish hatcheries and stocking practices: past and present. In C. Berry, K. Higgins, D. Willis, and S. Chipps (Eds.), History of fisheries and fishing in South Dakota. South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, Pierre, South Dakota, USA. Pp. 267-294. | ||||
| Bates, S., Simpson, T., Heggen, T., & Chandler, L. (2021). A guide to advocating for beaver restoration in national forest plans. Washington, DC: National Wildlife Federation. Retrieved 25th November 2024 from https://www.nwf.org/-/media/Documents/PDFs/NWF-Reports/2021/Beaver-Restoration-Forest-Plans-Guide.pdf. | ||||
| Beard, Jr., T. D., & Carline, R. F. (1991). Influence of spawning and other stream habitat features on spatial variability of wild brown trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 120(6), 711-722. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0711:IOSAOS>2.3.CO;2 |
||||
| Blaine, T., Simpson, G., & Barnes, M. E. (2018). A survey of brown trout redd locations in Crow Creek, Lawrence County, South Dakota, USA. International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 6(2), 9-14. | ||||
| Dauphin, G., Prévost, E., Adams, C. E., & Boylan, P. (2010). Using redd counts to estimate salmonids spawner abundances: a Bayesian modelling approach. Fisheries Research, 106(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.06.014 |
||||
| Dudley, P. N. (2019). S4: A spatially continuous, individual-based model of salmonid redd superimposition. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 148(2), 352-372. https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10139 |
||||
| Dunham, J., Rieman, B., & Davis, K. (2001). Sources and magnitude of sampling error in redd counts for bull trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 21(2), 343-352. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0343:SAMOSE>2.0.CO;2 |
||||
| Erickson, J. W., & Koth, R. (2000). Black Hills of South Dakota fishing guide. South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, Pierre, South Dakota, USA. | ||||
| Essington, T. E., Sorensen, P. W., & Paron, P. G. (1998). High rate of redd superimposition by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a Minnesota stream cannot be explained by habitat availability alone. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55(10), 2310-2316. https://doi.org/10.1139/f98-109 |
||||
| Gallagher, S. P., & Gallagher, C. M. (2005). Discrimination of Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead redds and evaluation of the use of redd data for estimating escapement in several unregulated streams in Northern California. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 25(1), 284-300. https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-016.1 |
||||
| Gallagher, S. P., Hahn, P. K. J., & Johnson, D. H. (2007). Redd counts. In D. H. Johnson, B. M. Shrier, J. S. O'Neal, J. A. Knutzen, X. Augerot, T. A. O'Neil, & T. N. Pearsons (Eds.) Salmonid field protocols handbook: techniques for assessing status and trends in salmon and trout populations. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Pp. 197-234. | ||||
| Gauthey, Z., Lang, M., Elosegi, A., Tentelier, C., Rives, J., & Labonne, J. (2015). Brown rout spawning habitat selection and its effects on egg survival. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 26(1), 133-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12262 |
||||
| Gortázar, J., Alonso, C., & Garciaía de Jalón, D. (2012). Brown trout redd superimposition in relation to spawning habitat availability. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 21(2), 283-292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00546.x |
||||
| Gosset, C., Rives, J., & Labonne, J. (2006). Effect of habitat fragmentation on spawning migration of brown trout (Salmo trutta). Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 15(3), 247-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00144.x |
||||
| Grost, R. T., Hubert, W. A., & Wesche, T. A. (1990). Redd site selection by brown trout in Douglas Creek, Wyoming. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 5(3), 365-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1990.9665249 |
||||
| Helfman, G. S., Collette, B. B., & Facey, D. E. (2003). The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, USA. | ||||
| Hoogestraat, G. K. (2011). Flood hydrology and dam-breach hydraulic analyses of four reservoirs in the Black Hills, South Dakota. U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report, 2011-5011. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115011 |
||||
| Hortness, J. E., & Driscoll, D. G. (1998). Streamflow losses in the Black Hills of Western South Dakota. U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report, 98-4116. https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri984116/wri984116_files/wri984116.pdf | ||||
| James, D. A. (2011) The influence of Didymosphenia geminate on fisheries resources in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Doctoral Dissertation, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA. | ||||
| Keene, C. J. (2024) Beaver dams, drinking water, and conservation in the Black Hills. South Dakota Public Broadcasting. Retrieved 25th November 2024 from https://www.sdpb.org/environment/2024-09-26/beaver-lodges -and-drinking-water-in-the-black-hills. | ||||
| Kemp, P. S., Worthington, T. A., Langford, T. E. L., Tree, A. R. J, & Gaywood, M. J. (2012). Qualitative and quantitative effects of reintroduced beavers on stream fish. Fish and Fisheries, 13(2), 158-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00421.x |
||||
| Ketelsen, B., Simpson, G., & Barnes, M. E. (2017). Trout redd locations in two streams in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA. Natural Resources, 8(2), 91-102. https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2017.82007 |
||||
| Kientz, J. L. (2016). Survival, abundance, and relative predation of wild rainbow trout in the Deerfield Reservoir system, South Dakota. Master's Thesis, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA. https://openprairie.sdstate. edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1993&context=etd | ||||
| Knapp, R. A., & Preisler, H. K. (1999). Is it possible to predict habitat use by spawning salmonids? A test using California golden trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 56(9), 1576-1584. https://doi.org/10.1139/f99-081 |
||||
| Konkel, G. W., & McIntyre, J. D. (1987). Trends in spawning populations of Pacific anadromous salmonids. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Technical Report, 9. | ||||
| Lokteff, R. L., Roper, B. B., & J. M. Wheaton. (2013). Do beaver dams impede the movement of trout? Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 142(4), 1114-1125. https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.797497 |
||||
| Makrov, A. A., Artamonova, V. S., Sumarokov, V. S., Pashkov, A. N., Reshetnikov, S. I., Ganchenko, M. V., & Kulyan, S. A. (2011). Variation in the timing of spawning of the Black Sea brown trout Salmo trutta labrax pallas under artificial and natural conditions. Biology Bulletin, 38, 138-145. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359011020075 |
||||
| Martling, S., Simpson, G., Kientz, J. L., Rosburg A. J., & Barnes, M. E. (2020). Brown trout spawn timing, redd locations, and stream characteristics in Spearfish Creek within Spearfish, South Dakota, USA. Open Journal of Ecology, 10(4), 177-188. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2020.104012 |
||||
| McNeil, W. J. (1964). Redd superimposition and egg capacity of pink salmon spawning beds. Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada, 21(6), 1385-1396. https://doi.org/10.1139/f64-119 |
||||
| Meffe, G. K. (1986) Conservation genetics and the management of endangered fishes. Fisheries, 11(1), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1986)011<0014:CGATMO>2.0.CO;2 |
||||
| Muhlfeld, C. C., Taper, M. L., Staples, D. F., & Shepard, B. B. (2006). Observer error structure in bull trout redd counts in Montana streams: implications for inference on true redd numbers. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135(3), 643-654. https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-129.1 |
||||
| Mundahl, N. D., & Schnaser, A. C. (2023). Abundance, cover use, and clustering of brown trout spawning redds during steram habitat rehabilitation. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 32(4), 902-915. https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12731 |
||||
| Murdoch, A. R., Herring, C. J, Frady, C. H., See, K., & Jordan, C. E. (2018). Estimating observer error and steelhead redd abundance using modified Gaussian area-under-the-curve framework. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 75(12), 2149-2158. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0335 |
||||
| Pratt, K. L. (1992). A review of bull trout life history. In P. J. Howell and D. V. Buchanan, Eds., Proceedings of the Gearhart Mountain bull trout workshop. American Fisheries Society Oregon Chapter, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, Pp. 5-9. | ||||
| Reiser, D. W., & Wesche, T. A. (1977). Determination of physical and hydraulic preferences of brown and brook trout in the selection of spawning locations. Water Resources Series No. 64, Water Resources Research Institute, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA. | ||||
| Riedl, C., & Peter, A. (2013). Timing of brown trout spawning in Alpine Rivers with special consideration of egg burial depth. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 22(3), 384-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12033 |
||||
| Rieman, B. E., & McIntyre, J. D. (1996). Spatial and temporal variability in Bull Trout redd counts. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 16(1), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1996)016<0132:SATVIB>2.3.CO;2 |
||||
| Robidoux, M. J., Voorhees, J. M., Domagall, A., & Barnes, M. E. (2022). Brown trout redd locations in the northernmost section of Spearfish Creek in Spearfish, South Dakota, USA. Natural Resources, 13(1), 1--15. https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2022.131001 |
||||
| Rubin, J. F., Glimsater, C., & Jarvis, T. (2005). Spawning characteristics of the anadromous brown trout in a small Swedish stream. Journal of Fish Biology, 66(1), 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00586.x |
||||
| Scarnecchia, D. L., Martling, S., & Barnes, M. E. (2023). The evolution of trout stream management in the Black Hills, 1883-2023, as evidenced through hatchery activities and stocking. Fisheries, 48(10), 419-439. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10968 |
||||
| South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks (SDGFP). (2020). South Dakota Black Hills cold stream survey Iron Creek (North), Lawrence County. 09-0049-00. Retrieved 17th January 2024 from https://apps.sd.gov/GF56Fisheries Reports/ExportPDF.ashx?ReportID=20464. | ||||
| Syrjänen, J. T., Sivonen, K., Räihä, V., Kivinen, J., Sivonen, O., & Haapsalo, M. (2020). Redds of brown trout in the deep channels of a hydroelectric power station. River Research and Applications, 36(1), 183-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3568 |
||||
| Thurow, R. F., Copeland, T., & Oldermeyer, B. N. (2019). Wild salmon and the shifting baseline syndrome: application of archival and contemporary redd counts to estimate historical Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscaha) production potential in central Idaho wilderness. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 77(4), 651-665. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0111 |
||||
| Togaki, D., Sunohara, A., & Inoue, M. (2023). Overlap in spawning habitat characteristics between salmonids in relation to stream size: redd superimposition hypothesis on longitudinal species replacement. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 80(5), 840-850. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2022-0237 |
||||
| Warren, D. R., Robinson, J. M., Josephson, D. C., Sheldon, D. R., & Kraft, C. E. (2012). Elevated summer temperatures delay spawning and reduce redd construction for resident brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Global Change Biology, 18(6), 1804-1811. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02670.x |
||||
| Weaver, T. M. (1992). Coal Creek fisheries monitoring study no. IX and forest-wide fisheries monitoring - 1990. Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Special Projects, Kalispell, Montana, USA. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title. 130164. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.130164 |
||||
| Webb, J. H., & McLay, H. A. (1996) Variation in the time of spawning of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and its relationship to temperature in the Aberdeenshire. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53(12), 2739-2744. https://doi.org/10.1139/f96-240 |
||||
| Witzel, L. D., & MacCrimmon, H. R. (1983). Redd-site selection by brook trout and brown trout in Southwestern Ontario Streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 112(6), 760-771. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1983)112<760:RSBBTA>2.0.CO;2 |
||||
| Wunderground (2023). Available at: https://www.wunderground. com/history/daily/us/sd/spearfish. | ||||
| Wydowksi, R. S., & Whitney, R. R. (2003). Inland Fishes of Washington, University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2nd Edition. | ||||
Copyright © 2025 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.