ADVANCED JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2992-4928
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/AJPB
Start Year: 2019
Email: ajpb@integrityresjournals.org
Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity potentials of methanol leaf extract of Hyptis suaveolens (L) Poit in mice and Wister rats
https://doi.org/10.31248/AJPB2024.034 | Article Number: 8D8DB69D3 | Vol.4 (1) - June 2024
Received Date: 30 April 2024 | Accepted Date: 29 June 2024 | Published Date: 30 June 2024
Authors: James Odianosen Oseyomon* , Philip A. Obarisiagbon and Odunayo Esther Omotuyi
Keywords: toxicity, methanol extract, Hyptis suaveolens, mice and rats
The present study was aimed at evaluating the acute and sub-acute toxicity potentials of methanol extract of the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens using mice and Wister rats. Using the modified Lorke’ method for the acute toxicity investigation, twelve mice received single doses of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg body weight respectively in the first phase. Absence of death led to the second phase, using different mice, and 5000, 7500 and 10,000 mg/Kg doses of the extract respectively was administered to one (1) mouse each. Gross toxicological symptoms and possible death in the animals were monitored for 14 days to ascertain the oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract. In the sub-acute investigation, the rats were given oral doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg/Kg/day for 28 consecutive days. Then, haematological and biochemical analyses were carried out. The kidneys, livers, spleens, lungs and hearts of the rats were subjected to histological studies. Results obtained showed that there were no signs of toxicity up to an acute maximum dose of 10,000 mg/Kg. Sub-acute treatment did not significantly alter animal body weights, organ-to-body weight ratios, haematological and biochemical parameters (p<0.05). However, the levels of monocyte were significantly increased and immunoglogbin decreased at a dose of 750 mg/kg. The concentration of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was also significantly increased while creatinine was decreased (p<0.001) at a dose of 500 and 750 mg/Kg/day, when compared with the control. Histological evaluations of the studied organs in the treated rats showed no changes when compared to the control. However, the liver showed normal hepatocytes with feature of necrosis while the lungs showed dilated alveoli spaces, desquamated cells and acute inflammation. At the treatment doses (250 - 750 mg/Kg), the stomach revealed atrophy of gastric mucosa and gastric glands while destruction of inflammatory cells from necrosis was observed in the spleen at 750 mg/Kg only. Conclusively, the methanol leaf extract of Hyptis suaveolens is relatively safe sub-acutely at low doses while high doses should be discouraged.
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