ADVANCED JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2992-4928
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/AJPB
Start Year: 2019
Email: ajpb@integrityresjournals.org
Antimicrobial activities of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Piper betle seed and Citrus aurantifolia leaf against axillary bacteria causing body odour
https://doi.org/10.31248/AJPB2024.039 | Article Number: 524E0D461 | Vol.6 (1) - June 2025
Received Date: 29 May 2025 | Accepted Date: 29 May 2025 | Published Date: 30 June 2025
Authors: Tukur S. T.* , Zainab Ibrahim Bala and Ibrahim Hamisu Abdul
Keywords: Citrus aurantifolia, micro-organisms, Gram staining, microbiota, Piper betle.
This research aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Piper betle seed and Citrus aurantifolia leaf against axillary bacteria that cause body odour. The objectives were to identify the bacteria from human auxiliary sweat with odour problem and to test the efficacy of Piper betle (Ashanti pepper) seed and Citrus aurantifolia leaf extracts against the bacteria isolated. Axilla sweat samples were taken from 16 males with odour problems, using a sterile cotton swab to swab both the left and right axilla skin. Afterwards, the specimen was cultured on MacConkey. All of the bacterial pure cultures were identified using Gram staining. Several biochemical tests, including oxidase test, catalase test, coagulase test and Triple sugar iron test (TSI) were carried out. Reference microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella and Escherichia coli) were identified using the same methods. From the study, there is no increased effect from the combination of these extracts against bacteria. Piper betle seeds and Citrus aurantifolia leaves had sufficient potential to warrant further examination and development as a new antibacterial agent. Infusion of Piper betle seeds and Citrus aurantifolia leaves has antibacterial activity as antiseptic preparations that can inhibit the growth of some test bacteria. It can be recommended that further research should be carried out to identify and isolate bioactive substances which contribute to antibacterial activity from these plants.
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