RESEARCH JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7080
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/RJFSN
Start Year: 2016
Email: rjfsn@integrityresjournals.org
Prevalence of bacterial pathogens in bivalve shellfish harvested from the brackish waters of Niger Delta, Nigeria
https://doi.org/10.31248/RJFSN2023.159 | Article Number: 4F584A671 | Vol.9 (1) - February 2024
Received Date: 17 July 2023 | Accepted Date: 20 September 2023 | Published Date: 28 February 2024
Authors: Sunday Peter Ukwo* , Linus Sylvester Ndah and Mary Edet Inyang
Keywords: Nigeria., food safety, Bacterial pathogen, bivalve shellfish, brackish water
The presence of bacterial pathogens in bivalve shellfish harvested from the marine ecosystem globally has continued to raise serious food safety concerns, thereby undermining the nutritional and health benefits derived from their consumption. Four species of bivalve shellfish: Bloody cockle (Anadara senilis), Donax clam (Donax rugosus), Knife clam (Tagelus adansonaii) and Mangrove oyster (Crassosstra gasar) harvested from the brackish waters of the Niger Delta were assessed for their bacterial pathogens. Standard methods of analysis were employed to assess microbiological hazards accumulated by shellfish species. The results of the microbiological analysis revealed that the total viable count (TVC) was lower than the recommended limit (5.7 log cfu/g) for fresh bivalve shellfish while Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonellaspp, Shigellaspp, Listeria monocytogenes and E. coli were far above the stipulated FDA standard for molluscian shellfish. The loads of microbiological hazards in bivalve species indicated that in all the locations, Bloody cockle and Donax clam accumulated more bacterial pathogens while the samples harvested from Ibeno and Iko Town brackish waters were lower in pathogenic loads when compared to shellfish harvested from Andoni and Bonny location. The result obtained in this study is of public health importance since, it will serve as a guide towards improved processing techniques and stimulate actions towards the development of novel surveillance as well as, prevention and control strategies, that will help to reduce foodborne disease outbreaks associated with shellfish.
| Adjei-Boateng, D., Amisah, S., & Quagrainie, K. K. (2009). Bacteriological contamination of the freshwater clam (Galatea paradoxa) from the Volta estuary, Ghana. African Journal of Microbiological Research, 3(7), 396-399. | ||||
| Anacleto, P., Pedro, S., Nunes, M. L., Rosa, R., & Marques, A. (2013). Microbiological composition of native and exotic clams from Tagus estuary: Effect of season and environmental parameters. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 74(1), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.019 |
||||
| Burkhardt, W. I., & Calci, K. R. (2000). Selective accumulation may account for shellfish associated viral illness. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(4), 1375-1378. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.4.1375-1378.2000 |
||||
| Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) (2003). National Shellfish Sanitation Program. Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish. Pp. 357-359. | ||||
| Davidson, V. J., Ryks, J., & Fazil, A. (2006). Fuzzy risk assessment tool for microbial hazards in food systems. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 157(9), 1201-1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2005.12.018 |
||||
| DePaola, A., Jones, J. L., Woods, J., Burkhardt III, W., Calci, K. R., Krantz, J. A., ... & Nabe, K. (2010). Bacterial and viral pathogens in live oysters: 2007 United States market survey. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76(9), 2754-2768. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02590-09 |
||||
| Derolez, V., Soudant, D., Fiandrino, A., Cesmat, L., & Serais, O. (2013). Impact of weather conditions on Escherichia coli accumulation in oysters of the Thau Lagoon (the Mediterranean, France). Journal of Applied Microbiology, 114(2), 516-525. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.12040 |
||||
| Efiuvwevwere, B. J. O., & Ezeama, C. F (2004). The bacteriological profiles of freshwater snail (Pila ovata) subjected to microcosms simulating local storage conditions. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 20(4), 359-363. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WIBI.0000033058.44487.f4 |
||||
| Ezeama, C. F., & Efiuvwevwere, B. (2007). Microbiological assessment of fresh water snail (Pila ovata) and their different habitat locations and the physico-chemical qualities of the habitats. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 9(3), 469-475. | ||||
| FAO (2018). Global Aquaculture Updates. In: FAO Aquaculture Newsletter No. 58. Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Rome, Italy. | ||||
| FAO/WHO (2011). Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on the Risk and Benefit of fish consumption. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 978 Rome. 1-63. | ||||
| de Farias, M. F., Rocha-Barreira, C. D. A., de Carvalho, F. C. T., Silva, C. M., dos Reis, E. M. F., Costa, R. A., & Vieira, R. D. F. (2010). Microbiological conditions of Tagelus plebeius (Lightfoot, 1786) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Solecurtidae) and the water in the Ceará River estuary in Fortaleza-CE. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 36(2), 135-142. | ||||
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2009). Seafood nutrition facts. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 10th August 2018 from https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/Guidance Regulation/ucm063478.pdf. | ||||
| Feng, P., Weagant, S. D., & Grant, M. A. (2002). Enumeration of Escherichia coli and the coliform bacteria. In: Bacteriological Analytical Manual. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 08 May 2018 from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodS cienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/ucm064948. | ||||
| Garrity, G. M., & Holt, J. G. (2001). Begey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Edition, Springer. New York, USA. | ||||
| Goel, A. K., Jain, M., Kumar, P., & Jiang, S. C. (2010). Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae outbreak strains with altered El Tor biotype from southern India. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 26(2), 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-0171-7 |
||||
| Hatha, A. A. M., Christi, K. C., Singh, R., & Kumar, S. (2005). Bacteriology of the fresh water bivalve clam Batissa violacea (Kai) sold in the Suva market. The South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, 23, 48-50. https://doi.org/10.1071/SP05009 |
||||
| Hayward, M. R., Petrovska, L., Jansen, V. A., & Woodward, M. J. (2016). Population structure and associated phenotypes of Salmonella enterica serovars Derby and Mbandaka overlap with host range. BMC Microbiology, 16, Article number 15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0628-4 |
||||
| Hervio‐Heath, D., Colwell, R. R., Derrien, A., Robert‐Pillot, A., Fournier, J. M., & Pommepuy, M. (2002). Occurrence of pathogenic vibrios in coastal areas of France. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 92(6), 1123-1135. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01663.x |
||||
| ISO (2001). Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - horizontal method of the enumeration of potentially entropathogenic Vibrios Part 1. Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. p. 26. | ||||
| ISO (2002). Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - horizontal method for detection of Salmonella spp. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 8, 34. | ||||
| ISO (2004). Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs. Horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of L. monocytogenes. Part 1: Detection method. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. | ||||
| Lee, R. J., & Rangdale, R. E. (2008) Bacterial pathogens in seafood. In: Borresen, T. (ed.). Improving seafood products for the consumer. Woodhead publishing series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. No. 158. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845694586.3.247 |
||||
| Lees, D., Younger, A., & Dore, B. (2010). Depuration and relaying. In: Rees, G., Pond, K., Kay, D., Bartram, J., & Santo Domingo, J. S. (eds.). Safe management of shellfish and harvest waters. World Health Organization (WHO), IWA Publishing, London, UK. Pp. 145-181. | ||||
| Letchumanan, V., Chan, K. G., & Lee, L. H. (2014). Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a review on the pathogenesis, prevalence, and advance molecular identification techniques. Frontiers in microbiology, 5, Article number 705. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00705 |
||||
| Potasman, I., Paz, A., & Odeh, M. (2002). Infectious outbreaks associated with bivalve shellfish consumption: a worldwide perspective. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 35(8), 921-928. https://doi.org/10.1086/342330 |
||||
| Rincé, A., Balière, C., Hervio-Heath, D., Cozien, J., Lozach, S., Parnaudeau, S., Le Guyader, F. S., LemHello, S., Giard, J-C., Sauvageot, N., Benachour, A., Strubbia, S., & Gourmelon, M. (2018). Occurrence of bacterial pathogens and human noroviruses in shellfish-harvesting areas and their catchments in France. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, Article number 2443. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02443 |
||||
| Souza, D. S., Ramos, A. P., Nunes, F. F., Moresco, V., Taniguchi, S., Leal, D. A., Sasaki, S. T., Bícego, M. C., Montone, R. C., Durigan, M., Teixeira, A. L., Pilotto M. R., Delfino N., Franco R. M., Melo C. M., Bainy A. C., & Barardi C. R., (2012). Evaluation of tropical water sources and molluscs in southern Brazil using microbiological, biochemical, and chemical parameters. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 76, 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.09.018 |
||||
| Udoh, D. I., Udo, I. U., & Udoh, E. I. (2017). Microbiological analysis of the freshwater clam (Galatea paradoxa, BORN 1778)) caught from Cross River, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 13(3), 59-64. | ||||
| Ukwo, S. P., Ezeama, C. F., & Obot, O. I. (2019). Microbiological safety and toxic element contaminants in bivalve shellfish from intertidal mudflats of IKO estuary, Niger Delta, Nigeria. South Asian Journal of Food Technology and Environment, 5(2), 846-854. https://doi.org/10.46370/sajfte.2019.v05i02.04 |
||||
| Vernocchi, P., Maffei, M., Lanciotti, R., Suzzi, G., & Gardini, F. (2007). Characterization of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) harvested in Adriatic Sea (Italy). Food Control 18(12), 1575-1583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2006.12.009 |
||||
Copyright © 2025 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.