JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE AND MEDICAL SCIENCE
Integrity Research Journals
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JPMMS
Start Year: 2018
Email: jpmms@integrityresjournals.org
Ameliorative effects of methanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata against Trypanosoma bruceiinduced alteration in packed cell volume and in liver biomarkers of mice
https://doi.org/10.31248/JPMMS2023.016 | Article Number: 3F793BCE1 | Vol.2 (1) - October 2023
Received Date: 11 August 2023 | Accepted Date: 26 August 2023 | Published Date: 30 October 2023
Authors: Shariff, M. A. , Agboola, A. R. , Adeniyi, K. A.* , Ibeh, E. O. , Oyibo-Usman, K. A. , Ado, I. M. and Salami, K. D.
Keywords: parasitaemia, Andrographis paniculata, biochemical parameters, trypanosomiasis.
The goal of the study was to ascertain the in vivo anti-trypanosomal activity of methanol extract from leaves of Andrographis paniculata and its impact on a number of biomarkers in Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice. Six groups of three mice each were created at random from a total of eighteen mice. As negative and positive control, Groups I and II received normal saline (2 ml/kg body weight) and diminazene aceturate (3.5 mg/kg body weight), respectively. Groups III-V were treated with leaf extract at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The oral route was used for all treatments. The average body weight, survival time, and daily parasitemia level were assessed. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total protein concentration in mouse serum and liver were also assessed. Phytochemical screening was done. Flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, and phenols were all present in the leaves of Andrographis paniculata. The extract was relatively safe according to acute toxicity tests. When compared to untreated mice, the extract at 600 mg/kg body weight considerably increased mice body weight and survival rates while showing negligible trypanostatic potential. The serum, liver ALP and AST activities of infected increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to untreated mice. The activities of these enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) recovered after treatment with methanol extract of leaves from Andrographis paniculata. The serum AST and liver ALT activities, however, did not significantly change. Although Andrographis paniculata showed little trypanostatic efficacy, it considerably ameliorated the metabolic changes in mice caused by T. brucei.
| Adeyemi, O. S., Akanji, M. A., & Oguntoye, S. (2009). Ethanolic leaf extract of Psidium guajava: Phytochemical and trypanocidal activity in rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(5), 420-423. | ||||
| Adeyemi, O. T., Osilesi, O., Adebawo, O. O., Onajobi, F. D., Oyedemi, S. O., & Afolayan, A. J. (2015). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Activities in selected tissues of rats fed on processed atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus). Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6(03), 139-152. https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2015.63014 |
||||
| Akbar, S. (2011). Andrographis paniculata: a review of pharmacological activities and clinical effects. Alternative Medicine Review, 16(1), 66-77. | ||||
| Ansar, W., Ghosh, S., Ansar, W., & Ghosh, S. (2016). Inflammation and inflammatory diseases, markers, and mediators: Role of CRP in some inflammatory diseases. In: Biology of C Reactive Protein in Health and Disease. Springer, New Delhi. Pp. 67-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2680-2_4 |
||||
| Bachs, O., Enrich, C., Soriano, M., Piñol, R., & Domingo, J. (1985). Induction of plasma membrane alkaline phosphatase in rat liver. Cell Biochemistry and Function, 3(2), 95-100. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290030204 |
||||
| Balogun, E. A., Adebayo, J. O., Zailani, A. H., Kolawole, O. M., & Ademowo, O. G. (2009). Activity of ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum violaceum leaves against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1(3), 307-312. https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2010.1.3.307.312 |
||||
| Busari, I. O., Soetan, K. O., Aiyelaagbe, O. O., & Babayemi, O. J. (2021). Phytochemical screening and in vitro anthelmintic activity of methanolic extract of Terminalia glaucescens leaf on Haemonchus contortus eggs. Acta Tropica, 223, 106091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106091 |
||||
| Dacie, J. V., & Lewis, S. M. (1991). Practical Haematology, 7th edition. London. Churchill Livingston. Edingburgh. Pp. 12-17. | ||||
| De Koning, H. P. (2020). The drugs of sleeping sickness: their mechanisms of action and resistance, and a brief history. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 5(1), Article number 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5010014 |
||||
| De Rycker, M., Wyllie, S., Horn, D., Read, K. D., & Gilbert, I. H. (2023). Anti-trypanosomatid drug discovery: progress and challenges. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 21(1), 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00777-y |
||||
| Dias, D. A., Urban, S., & Roessner, U. (2012). A historical overview of natural products in drug discovery. Metabolites, 2(2), 303-336. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo2020303 |
||||
| Feyera, T., Terefe, G., & Shibeshi, W. (2014). Evaluation of in vivo antitrypanosomal activity of crude extracts of Artemisia abyssinica against a Trypanosoma congolense isolate. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-117 |
||||
| Gavigan, C. S., Dalton, J. P., & Bell, A. (2001) The role of aminopeptidases in haemoglobin degradation in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Molecular Biochemistry Parasitology, 117(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-6851(01)00327-9 |
||||
| Holanda-Freitas, I. T., do Carmo Cupertino, M., dos Santos, E. C., Oliveira, L., Geller, M., & Siqueira-Batista, R. (2020). Human African trypanosomiasis: current standing and challenges. Revista de Patologia Tropical/Journal of Tropical Pathology, 49(3), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i3.62857 |
||||
| Hossain, M. S., Urbi, Z., Sule, A., & Rahman, K. M. (2014). Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees: A review of ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2014, Article ID 274905, 28 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/274905 |
||||
| Intharuksa, A., Arunotayanun, W., Yooin, W., & Sirisa-Ard, P. (2022). A comprehensive review of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and its constituents as potential lead compounds for COVID-19 drug discovery. Molecules, 27(14), 4479. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144479 |
||||
| Lawal, B., Shittu, O. K., Abubakar, A. N., Umar, M. B., Ibrahim, A. M. & Haruna, G. M. (2015). Biochemical evaluation in Wister rats (Rattus novergicus) following chronic exposure of methanol leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, 5(9), 740-744. | ||||
| Lawal, B., Shittu, O. K., Oibiokpa, I. F., Mohammed, H., Umar, S. I., & Haruna, G. M. (2016). Antimicrobial evaluation, acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of Allium sativum. Journal of Acute Disease, 5(4), 296-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joad.2016.05.002 |
||||
| Lorke, D. (1983). A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Archives of Toxicology, 54(4), 275-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01234480 |
||||
| Osorio, E. J., Robledo, S. M., & Bastida, J. (2008). Alkaloids with antiprotozoal activity. The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology, 66, 113-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1099-4831(08)00202-2 |
||||
| Pandey, J., Saini, V. K., & Raja, W. (2019). Evaluation of phytochemical analysis of Andrographis paniculata leaf and stem extract. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, 5(2), 188-190. | ||||
| Prakash, B. (Ed.). (2020). Functional and preservative properties of phytochemicals. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818593-3.00001-4 |
||||
| Reitman, S., & Frankel, S. A. (1957). Colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 28, 56-63. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56 |
||||
| Shittu, O. K., Lawal, B., Adeniyi, A. K., Kilani, L. T., & Saka, R. B. (2017). Effect of methanol extract of Musca domestica larva on some enzymes and haematological parameters in Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected rats. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 25(2), 66-74. https://doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v25i2.8 |
||||
| Sofowora, A. (2008). Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa (3rd edition). Spectrum Books, Ibadan. | ||||
| Trease, G. E., & Evans, W. C. (1989). Pharmacognosy (13th edition). Baillere. Tindall London pp176-180. | ||||
| Ullah, A., Munir, S., Badshah, S. L., Khan, N., Ghani, L., Poulson, B. G., Emwas, A. H., & Jaremko, M. (2020). Important flavonoids and their role as a therapeutic agent. Molecules, 25(22), 5243. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225243 |
||||
| Ullah, M. A., & Hassan, A. (2021). Green chiretta (Andrographis paniculata) as medicinal herb. International Journal of Phytology Research, 1(2), 15-18. | ||||
| World Health Organization (WHO) (2012). Accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases - A roadmap for implementation. Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/ publications/i/item/WHO-HTM-NTD-2012.1. | ||||
Copyright © 2024 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.