ISSN: 2705-2214
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JPHD
Start Year: 2018
Email: jphd@integrityresjournals.org
https://doi.org/10.31248/JPHD2023.131 | Article Number: F1BFB0EF2 | Vol.6 (2) - December 2023
Received Date: 16 September 2023 | Accepted Date: 12 December 2023 | Published Date: 30 December 2023
Authors: Mohammed, M.* and Umar, A. Y.
Keywords: Community, epidemic, COVID-19 prevention, health promotion.
As our understanding of Covid-19 has grown, numerous techniques for preventing its spread have emerged. Scholars and practitioners in public health have focused on four important Covid-19 prevention strategies: behavioural, technical, biomedical, and structural/community-level interventions. Recent material in these areas provides an overview of current Covid-19 preventive breakthroughs. Current COVID-19 prevention models, which build on traditional techniques, use intimate partners, families, social media, emerging technology, prescription therapy, immunization, and regulatory changes to influence change. Despite significant success, more action is required to meet the national goal of stopping the COVID-19 epidemic. Government and non-governmental organizations are uniquely positioned to promote prevention science in collaboration with cross-disciplinary professionals from other domains.
Adair, T. (2023). Premature cardiovascular disease mortality with overweight and obesity as a risk factor: Estimating excess mortality in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Obesity, 47(4), 273-279. Crossref |
||||
Adegbite, S. N., & Ijah, C. N. (2023). Effects of socio-cultural behaviour on COVID-19 protocol among rural dwellers in Rivers State, Nigeria. KIU Journal of Humanities, 8(1), 131-139. | ||||
Alafeef, M., & Pan, D. (2022). Diagnostic approaches for COVID-19: lessons learned and the path forward. ACS nano, 16(18), 11545-11576. Crossref |
||||
Ali, S. A., Pathak, D., & Mandal, S. (2023). A review of current knowledge on airborne transmission of covid-19 and their relationship with environment. International Journal of Pharma Professional's Research, 14(1), 1-5. | ||||
Altman, M. (2020). Smart thinking, lockdown and Covid-19: Implications for public policy. Journal of Behavioral Economics for Policy, 4(COVID-19 Special Issue), 23-33. | ||||
Bahramian, A. (2023). Influence of indoor environmental conditions on airborne transmission and lifetime of sneeze droplets in a confined space: a way to reduce COVID-19 spread. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(15), 44067-44085. Crossref |
||||
Barletta, A. M., Marino, G., Spagnolo, B., Bianchi, F. P., FAlappone, P. C. F., Sagnolo, L., Gatti P. (2023). Conenzyme Q10+ alpha lipoic acid for chronic COVID-19 syndrome. Clinical and Expiramental Medcine, 23(3),667-678. Crossref |
||||
Begum, F. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among B. Sc. Nursing students in selected nursing institutions in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 outbreak: an online survey. Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care, 3(7), 194-198. Crossref |
||||
BMJ (2020). Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19); BMJ best practice. BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2020. | ||||
Bogale, K. A., Zeru, T., Tarkegn, M., Balew, M., Worku, M., Asrat, A., Adamu, A., Mulu, Y., Getachew, A., & Ambaw, F. (2023). Awareness and care seeking for long COVID symptoms among Coronavirus disease survivors in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: Phenomenological study. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1-9. Crossref |
||||
Bornstein, S. R., Dalan, R., Hopkins, D., Mingrone, G., & Boehm, B. O. (2020). Endocrine and metabolic link to coronavirus infection. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 16(6), 297-298. Crossref |
||||
Broniatowski, D. A., Kerchner, D., Farooq, F., Huang, X., Jamison, A. M., Dredze, M., Quinn, S.C., & Ayers, J. W. (2022). Twitter and Facebook posts about COVID-19 are less likely to spread misinformation compared to other health topics. PLoS One, 17(1), e0261768. Crossref |
||||
Cheng, Y., Cheng, G., Chui, C. H., Lau, F. Y., Chan, P. K., Ng, M. H., Sung, J. J., & Wong, R. S. (2005). ABO blood group and susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome. JAMA, 293(12), 1447-1451. Crossref |
||||
Chong, Y. P., Choy, K. W., Doerig, C., & Lim, C. X. (2023). SARS-CoV-2 Testing Strategies in the Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 Patients in Low-Income Countries: A scoping Review. Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy, 1-18. Crossref |
||||
Cowley, L. E., Hodgson, K., Song, J., Whiffen, T., Tan, J., John, A., Bandyopadhyay, A., & Davies, A. R. (2023). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of clinically extremely vulnerable children and children living with clinically extremely vulnerable people in Wales: a data linkage study. BMJ Open, 13(6), e067882. Crossref |
||||
Dauda, K. O. (2023). Religious leaders and COVID-19 guidelines enforcement in rural communities of Nigeria. Islamic Review: Jurnal Riset dan Kajian Keislaman, 12(2), 37-60. Crossref |
||||
Dewangan, V., Sahu, R., Satapathy, T., & Roy, A. (2020). The Exploring of Current Development status and the unusual Symptoms of coronavirus Pandemic (Covid-19). Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, 12(4), 172-176. Crossref |
||||
El-Kassas, M., Alboraie, M., Elbadry, M., El Sheemy, R., Abdellah, M., Afify, S., Madkour, A., Zaghloul, M., Awad, A., Wifi, M. N., & Eltabbakh, M. (2023). Non-pulmonary involvement in COVID-19: A systemic disease rather than a pure respiratory infection. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 11(3), 493- 505. Crossref |
||||
Ergoren, M. C., Akan, G., Guler, E., Tuncel, G., Akovalı, D., Evren, E. U., Suer, H. K., & Sanlidag, T. (2023). Sex and ABO blood differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility. Global Medical Genetics, 10(01), 22-26. Crossref |
||||
European Center for Disease Control (CDC) (2020). COVID-19. European Center for Disease Control. | ||||
Fukushima, T., Chubachi, S., Namkoong, H., Asakura, T., Tanaka, H., Lee, H., Azekawa, S., Okada, Y., Koike, R., Kimura, A., & Japan COVID‐19 Task Force. (2023). Clinical significance of prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and diagnosed diabetes on critical outcomes in COVID‐19: Integrative analysis from the Japan COVID‐19 task force. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 25(1), 144-155. Crossref |
||||
Gharehchahi, E., Dehghani, F., Rafiee, A., Jamalidoust, M., & Hoseini, M. (2023). Investigating the Presence of SARS-CoV-2 on the Surfaces, Fomites, and in Indoor Air of a Referral COVID-19 Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System, 11(1 (Supplement)), 241-251. | ||||
Gill, N., Garg, J., & Garg, R. (2023). An exploratory cross-sectional study on public stigma against coronavirus disease 2019 from Punjab. Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, 10, 4103. Crossref |
||||
Giri, A. K., & Rana, D. R. (2020). Charting the challenges behind the testing of COVID-19 in developing countries: Nepal as a case study. Biosafety and Health, 2(02), 53-56. Crossref |
||||
Gonete, T. Z., Asseffa, N. A., Gashu, K. D., Tilahun, B., Angaw, D. A., Jisso, M., amiso, A., Alemayehu, A., Fikre, R., Abdisa, B., & Endehabtu, B. F. (2023). Communicable and non-communicable diseases diagnosis and treatment service availability at primary health care Units during COVID-19 outbreak in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 33(2), 95-104. | ||||
Guillon, P., Clément, M., Sébille, V., Rivain, J. G., Chou, C. F., Ruvoën-Clouet, N., & Le Pendu, J. (2008). Inhibition of the interaction between the SARS-CoV spike protein and its cellular receptor by anti-histo-blood group antibodies. Glycobiology, 18(12), 1085-1093. Crossref |
||||
Han, J., He, S., Shao, W., Wang, C., Qiao, L., Zhang, J., & Yang, L. (2023). Municipal solid waste, an overlooked route of transmission for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 21(1), 81-95. Crossref |
||||
Hara, Y., & Yamaguchi, H. (2021). Japanese travel behaviour trends and change under COVID-19 state-of-emergency declaration: Nationwide observation by mobile phone location data. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 9, 100288. Crossref |
||||
Hawks, L., Woolhandler, S., & McCormick, D. (2020). COVID-19 in prisons and jails in the United States. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(8), 1041-1042. Crossref |
||||
Haybar, H., Kazemnia, K., & Rahim, F. (2020). Underlying chronic disease and COVID-19 infection: a state-of-the-art review. Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care, 9(2), e103452. Crossref |
||||
He, X., Chen, X., Wang, H., Du, G., & Sun, X. (2023). Recent advances in respiratory immunization: A focus on COVID-19 vaccines. Journal of Controlled Release, 355, 655-674. Crossref |
||||
Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., HuY., Zhang L., Fan G., Xu J., Gu X., Cheng Z., Yu T., Xia J., Wei Y., Wu W., Xie X., Yin W., Li H., Liu M., Xiao Y., Gao L., Xie J., Wang G., Jiang R., Gao Z., Jiang R., Gao Z., Jin Q., Wang J., & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497-506. Crossref |
||||
Jamali, Y. A., Soomro, S., Kumar, A., Soomro, P., Shah, H., Ahmed, S., & Khuhro, A. B. (2023). Knowledge, risk perceptions and preventive behaviors regarding to COVID-19 pandemic in general population of Sindh, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 17(01), 554-554. Crossref |
||||
Johns Hopkins University(JHU) (2020). COVID-19 Dashboard by the centre for system science and engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University(JHU). Retrieved 05 August 2020 from https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html. | ||||
Jones, L., Walsh, K., Willcox, M., Morgan, P., & Nichols, J. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: Important considerations for contact lens practitioners. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 43(3), 196-203. Crossref |
||||
Khalek, A. A., & Dollah, S. R. (2023). Mosques as Islamic religious spaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A discourse on the Malaysian and Bruneian experiences. International Journal of Islam and Contemporary Affairs, 3(2), 57-71. | ||||
Khan, M. L., Malik, A., Ruhi, U., & Al-Busaidi, A. (2022). Conflicting attitudes: Analyzing social media data to understand the early discourse on COVID-19 passports. Technology in Society, 68, 101830. Crossref |
||||
Khunti, K., Feldman, E. L., Laiteerapong, N., Parker, W., Routen, A., & Peek, M. (2023). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ethnic minority groups with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 46(2), 228-236. Crossref |
||||
Kim, L., Fast, S. M., & Markuzon, N. (2019). Incorporating media data into model of infectious disease transmission. Plos One. 14(2), eo197646. Crossref |
||||
Klabbers, R. E., Muwonge, T. R., Ajidru, S., Borthakur, S., Mujugira, A., Sharma, M., & O'laughlin, K. N. (2023). Understanding the barriers and facilitators of COVID-19 rsikmitigation strategy adoption and COVID-19 vaccination in refugee settlements in Uganda: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 23, Article number 1401. Crossref |
||||
Klein, J. D., Resnick, E. A., Chamberlin, M. E., & Kress, E. A. (2023). Second-hand smoke surveillance and COVID-19: a missed opportunity. Tobacco Control, 32(2), 265-266. Crossref |
||||
Kolifarhood, G., Aghaali, M., Saadati, H. M., Taherpour, N., Rahimi, S., Izadi, N., & Nazari, S. S. H. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19; a narrative review. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 8(1), e41. | ||||
Kousy, R., Joude, J. A., Kraitem, A., Elanam, M. B., Karam, B., Adib, E., Zarka, J., Traboulsi, C., Akl, E, W., & Baddour, K. (2020). Corona virus goes viral: quantifying the covid-19 misinformation Epidemic on Twitter. Cureus, 12(3), e7255. Crossref |
||||
Lindsay, S., & Petra, D. (2016). Drivers of earlier infectious disease outbreak detection: a systematic literature review, 53, 15-20. Crossref |
||||
Maijama'a, R., Musa, K. S., Isah, A. A., & Adamu, S. (2020). Analysis of the impact of coronavirus outbreak on the Nigerian economy. American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics, 5(2), 39-43. Crossref |
||||
Malas, E. M., & Malas, H. S. (2023). Evaluation of stigmatization and perception of stigmatization regarding COVID-19 in society. International Journal of Social Humanities Sciences Research, 10(94), 831-842. | ||||
Matteo A., Maria C, C., Michele M., Laura M., Alberto C., Stefano D (2020). Coid-19 in people with diabetes: understanding the reason for the worse outcomes. The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 8, 782-792. Crossref |
||||
Mboera, L. E., Akipede, G. O., Banerjee, A., Cuevas, L. E., Czypionka, T., Khan, M., Kock, R., McCoy, D., Mmbaga, B.T., Misinzo, G., & Urassa, M. (2020). Mitigating lockdown challenges in response to COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 96, 308-310. Crossref |
||||
Mockshell, J., & Ritter, T. N. (2023). Applying the six-dimensional food security framework to examine a fresh fruit and vegetable program implemented by self-help groups during the COVID-19 lockdown in India. World Development, 175, 106486. Crossref |
||||
Moslemi, C., Sækmose, S., Larsen, R., Brodersen, T., Didriksen, M., Hjalgrim, H., Banasik, K., Nielsen, K.R., Bruun, M.T., Dowsett, J. & Pedersen, O. B. (2023). A large cohort study of the effects of Lewis, ABO, 13 other blood groups, and secretor status on COVID‐19 susceptibility, severity, and long COVID‐19. Transfusion, 63(1), 47-58. Crossref |
||||
Nche, G. C., Agbo, U. M., & Okwueze, M. I. (2023). Church leader's Interpretation of COVID-19 in Nigeria: Science, Conspiracies, and Spiritualization. Journal of Religion and Health, 1-24. Crossref |
||||
Nussbaumer-Streit, B., Mayr, V., Dobrescu, A. I., Chapman, A., Persad, E., Klerings, I., Wagner, G., Siebert, U., Ledinger, D., Zachariah, C., & Gartlehner, G. (2020). Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID‐19: a rapid review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD13574. Crossref |
||||
O'Connor, J., Ludgate, S., Le, Q. V., Le, H. T., & Huynh, P. D. P. (2023). Lessons from the pandemic: Teacher educators' use of digital technologies and pedagogies in Vietnam before, during and after the Covid-19 lockdown. International Journal of Educational Development, 103, 102942. Crossref |
||||
Olukosi, A. Y., Fowora, M., Adeneye, A. K., Chukwu, E., Aina, O., Ajibaye, O., Salako, B. L. (2023). A Survey of chloroquine use for COVID-19 in Nigeria. African Health Sciences, 23(1), 83-92 Crossref |
||||
Ong, S. W., Tan, Y. K., Chia, P. Y., Lee, T. H., Ng, O. T., &Wong M. S (2020). Surface environmental and personal equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) from a symptomatic patient. JAMA, 323(16), 1610-1612. Crossref |
||||
Park, J. E., Jung, S., Kim, A., & Park, J. E. (2018). MERS transmission and risk factors: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 18, Article number 574. Crossref |
||||
Patanavanich, R., Siripoon, T., Amponnavarat, S., & Glantz, S. A. (2023). Active smokers are at higher risk of COVID-19 death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 25(2), 177-184. Crossref |
||||
Pelosi, P., Croci, M., Ravagnan, I., Tredici, S., Pedoto, A., Lissoni, A., & Gattinoni, L. (1998). The effects of body mass on lung volumes, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange during general anesthesia. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 87(3), 654-660. Crossref |
||||
Pradana, F. K., Sriatmi, A., & Kartini, A. (2022). The CIPP Model of stunting management program during Covid-19 pandemic in Semarang City, Jurnal Gizi Indonesia.The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition), 10(2), 150-160. Crossref |
||||
Rundle, C. W., Presley, C. L., Militello, M., Barber, C., Powell, D. L., Jacob, S. E., Atwater, A.R., Watsky, K. L., Yu, J., & Dunnick, C. A. (2020). Hand hygiene during COVID-19: recommend-dations from the American Contact Dermatitis Society. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 83(6), 1730-1737. Crossref |
||||
Salehi, S., Abedi, A., Balakrishan, S.,Gholamrezanezhad, A (2020). Corona virus disease (COVID-19): A systematic reviewof imaging findings in 919 covid-19patients. American Journal of Raentgenology, 215(1), 87-93. Crossref |
||||
Schachter, L. M., Salome, C. M., & Peat, J. K. (2001). Obesity risk of asthma and wheeze but not airways hyper-responsiveness. Thorax, 56(1), 4-8. Crossref |
||||
Sehatpour, A., Jahanbin, M., Fatemi, A., Parviz, N., & Sajedi, S. M. (2023). systematic investigation of dental, heart and lung diseases in patients with covid-19 and hospitalized in ICU based on radiology stereotypes. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 4(2), 2717-2733. | ||||
Shi, Q., Zhang, X., & Jiang, F. (2020). Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of covid-19 patients with diabetes in Wuhan, China: a two centre, retrospective study. Diabetes Care, 43,1382-1391. Crossref |
||||
Short, K. R., & Cowling, B. J. (2023). Assessing the potential for fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The Lancet Microbe, 4(6), e380-e381. Crossref |
||||
Sin, D. D., Jones, R. L., & Man, S. P. (2002). Obesity is a risk factor for dyspnea but not for airflow obstruction. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162(13), 1477-1481. Crossref |
||||
Spruijt, I., Cronin, A., Udeorji, F., Nazir, M., Shehu, S., Poix, S., Villanueva, A., Jansen, N., Huitema, I., Suurmond, J., & Fiekert, K. (2023). Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients. Plos One, 18(7), e0288609. Crossref |
||||
Subramaniam, P., & Usha, P. (2011). Aging and immune function: molecular mechanism to intervention. Antioxidant and Redox Signalling,14(8),1551-1585. Crossref |
||||
Sujarwoto, S., & Maharani, A. (2022). Sociodemographic characteristics and health access associated with COVID-19 infection and death: a cross-sectional study in Malang District, Indonesia. BMJ Open, 12(5), e052042. Crossref |
||||
Sule, S., DaCosta, M. C., DeCou, E., Gilson, C., Wallace, K., & Goff, S. L. (2023). Communication of COVID-19 misinforma-tion on social media by physicians in the US. JAMA Network Open, 6(8), e2328928-e2328928. Crossref |
||||
Susanna, F., Jenny, A. H., Paul, S. M., & Christian, M. (2020). Covid-19: Immunology and treatment options. Clinical Immunology, 215, 108448. Crossref |
||||
Svensson, L., Hult, A. K.,Stamps, R., Angstrom, J., Teneberg, S., Storry, J. R., Jorgensen, R., Rydberg, L., Henry, S. M., Olsson, M. L(2013). Forssman expression on human erythrocytes: biochemical and genetic evidence of a new histo-blood group system. Blood, 121, 1459-1468. Crossref |
||||
Taggart, L., Mulhall, P., Kelly, R., Trip, H., Sullivan, B., & Wallén, E. F. (2022). Preventing, mitigating, and managing future pandemics for people with an intellectual and developmental disability‐Learnings from COVID‐19: A scoping review. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(1), 4-34. Crossref |
||||
Tasnim, S., Hossain, M. M., & Mazumder, H. (2020). Impact of rumors and misinformation on COVID-19 in social media. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 53(3), 171-174. Crossref |
||||
Taufik, A., Harahap, S., Siregar, K. W., Hasibuan, Y. A., Hasibuan, N. F., & Siregar, Y. H. (2022). Prevention behavior of COVID-19 transmission in productive age. Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health, 4(2), 87-99. Crossref |
||||
Tong, L., Khani, M., Lu, Q., Taylor, B., Osinski, K., & Luo, J. (2023). Association between body-mass index, patient characteristics, and obesity-related comorbidities among COVID-19 patients: A prospective cohort study. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 17(1), 47-57. Crossref |
||||
Tonnesen, P., Marott, J. L., Nordestgaard, B., Bojesen, S. E., & Lange, P. (2019). Secular trends in smoking in relation to prevalent and incident smoking-related disease: A prospective population-based study. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 1-8. Crossref |
||||
Torales, J., O'Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(4), 317-320. Crossref |
||||
Vichiensan, V., Hayashi, Y., & Kamnerdsap, S. (2023). Passengers' perception of COVID-19 countermeasures on urban railway in Bangkok. In: Transportation amid pandemics (pp. 293-307). Elsevier. Crossref |
||||
Vogel, G. (2020). New blood tests for antibodies could show true scale of coronavirus pandemic. World Health Organisation. Crossref |
||||
Ward, J. L., Harwood, R., Smith, C., Kenny, S., Clark, M., Davis, P. J., Draper, E.S., Hargreaves, D., Ladhani, S., Linney, M., & Viner, R. M. (2022). Risk factors for PICU admission and death among children and young people hospitalized with COVID-19 and PIMS-TS in England during the first pandemic year. Nature Medicine, 28(1), 193-200. Crossref |
||||
WHO (2020a). Best practices for infection prevention and control, with a spotlight on covid-19: countries share experiances. World Healh Organization, Europe. Link |
||||
WHO (2020b). Global atlas of medical devices technical series. Link |
||||
WHO (2020c). Practical considerations and recommendations for religious leaders and faith based communities in the context of covid-19. | ||||
WHO (2020d). World Health Organization report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid-19). | ||||
WHO (2023). World Health Organization fact sheet on covid 19. Link |
||||
Wolkewitz, M., & Schumacher, M. (2017). Survival biases lead to flawed conclusions in observational treatment studies of influenza patients. Journal of clinical Epidemiology, 84,121-129. Crossref |
||||
Xiong, T. Y., Redwood, S., Prendergast, B., & Chen, M. (2020). Corona virus and the cardiovascular system: acute and long term implication. European Heart Journal, 14(19), 1798-1800. Crossref |
||||
Zafri, N. M., Khan, A., Jamal, S., & Alam, B. M. (2022). Risk perceptions of COVID-19 transmission in different travel modes. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 13, 100548. Crossref |
||||
Zhang, J. J., Dong, X., Liu, G. H., & Gao, Y. D. (2023). Risk and protective factors for COVID-19 morbidity, severity, and mortality. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 64(1), 90-107. Crossref |
||||
Zhang, V., Fisher, M., Hou, W., Zhang, L., & Duong, T. Q. (2023a). Incidence of new-onset hypertension post-COVID-19: comparison with influenza. Hypertension, 80(10), 2135-2148. Crossref |
||||
Zhang, Z., Zhang, L., & Wang, Y. (2020b). COVID‐19 indirect contact transmission through the oral mucosa must not be ignored. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 49(5), 450- 451. Crossref |
||||
Zsichla, L., & Müller, V. (2023). Risk factors of severe COVID-19: A review of host, viral and environmental factors. Viruses, 15, 175. Crossref |