JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org
Characterization and conservation of indigenous livestock genetic resources for wealth creation in tropical Africa: A review
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2016.011 | Article Number: F9524B372 | Vol.1 (3) - October 2016
Received Date: 23 July 2016 | Accepted Date: 23 August 2016 | Published Date: 30 October 2016
Authors: A. Ahmadu* , H. I. Kubkomawa , N. S. Abubakar , T. Sini , J. H. Chama , R. H. Gapsiso and M. S. Adamu
Keywords: conservation, Tropical Africa., Animal, genetic resources, wealth.
The objective of the study was to review the methods of characterization and conservation of indigenous livestock genetic resources for wealth creation in tropical Africa. Animal genetic resources have been contributing to food and agriculture for more than 12, 000 years, providing the human population with a wide range of food products, along with fibre, manure for crops, droppings for fuel and draught power. In addition, animal genetic resources frequently reduce farmers’ risk exposure, generate employment and contribute to rural development. It is estimated that, directly or indirectly, domestic animals contribute 30 to 40 percent of the total value of food and Agriculture production in Nigeria. In the course of the development of diverse human societies, livestock became a very important cultural element and is essential in maintaining many traditional lifestyles. Farmers and breeders have been using animal genetic diversity effectively to develop breeds and varieties that were suitable for local environmental conditions and provided for different human needs and wants. The domestication process and breeding under different environments has resulted in over 6,000 identified breeds developed within about 40 animal species. The total diversity of animal genetic resources available to farmers makes it possible for humans to survive in a wide range of production environments, from hot-humid tropics to arid deserts and cold, severe mountainous regions. Genetic diversity also supported livestock adaptation to many limiting environmental factors, such as diseases, parasites, wide variations in the availability and quality of feed and water, and extreme temperatures. It is therefore, concluded that, animal genetic resources should be preserved and conserved and not be allowed to erode away. Local breeds that are hardy and withstand harsh climates should not be let go to extinction because of their role to wealth creation in both rural and urban communities in Nigeria and tropical Africa as a whole.
| Abdussamad, A. M., Holtz, W., Gauly, M. M. S. Suleiman, M. S., & Bello, M. B. (2011). Reproduction and breeding in dromedary camels: insights from pastoralists in some selected villages of the Nigeria-Niger corridor. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 23(8). | ||||
| Adekoya, K. O., Oboh, B. O., Adefenwa, M. A., & Ogunkanmi, L. A. (2013). Morphological Characterization of Five Nigerian Indigenous Chicken Types. Journal of Scientific and Research Development, 14, 55-66. | ||||
| Akinola, O. S. (2015). Pig Production. A lecture note on Animal Production Health (302). | ||||
| Alemayehu, K. (2013). Threats, attempts and opportunities of conserving indigenous animal genetic resources in Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(23), 2806-2813. | ||||
| Assan, N. (2014). Micro-Livestock Farming and Food Security in Sub Saharan Africa. Journal of Animal Production Advances, 2(3), 2806-2813. | ||||
| Bernard, F. (2015). Role, distribution and perspective of camel breeding in the third millennium economies. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 27 (4), 318-327. Crossref |
||||
| Blench, R. (1999). Traditional Livestock Breeds: Geographical Distribution and Dynamics in Relation to the Ecology of West Africa. Overseas Development Institute Portland House Stag Place London, SW1E 5DP. | ||||
| De Vicente, M. C., Guzmán, F. A., Engels, J., & Ramanatha-Rao, V. (2005). Genetic characterization and its use in decision making for the conservation of crop germplasm. In: J. Ruane and A. Sonnino (ed.) The Role of Biotechnology in Exploring and Protecting Agricultural Genetic Resources. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Pp.121-128. | ||||
| Drucker, A. G., Gomez, V., & Anderson, S. (2001). The economic valuation of farm animal genetic resources: a survey of available methods. Ecological Economics, 36(2001), 1-18. Crossref |
||||
| ELBARN (2009). ELBARN guidelines. Konstanz, Germany, European Livestock Breeds Ark and Rescue Net. | ||||
| FAO (1984). Animal genetic resource conservation by management, databanks and training. Animal Production and Health Paper No. 44/1. Rome. | ||||
| FAO (1999). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The Global stratergy for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources. Executive briefing, Rome, Italy. | ||||
| FAO (2001). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World watch list for domestic animal diversity. 3rd Edition. FAO, Rome, Italy. | ||||
| FAO (2007). The global plan of action for animal genetic resources and the Interlaken declaration on animal genetic resources. International Conference on Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Interlaken, Switzerland, 3-7 September 2007. p.33 | ||||
| FAO. (2013a). Animal Genetic Resources: A safety net for the future. Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. | ||||
| FAO. (2013b). In vivo conservation of animal genetic resources.FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines. No. 14. Rome. | ||||
| Gatenby, R. M. (1995). Sheep, Macmillan Education LTD and CTA, Wageninge, The Netherlands, Pp. 1-149. | ||||
| Hagmann, J. (2003) Legal and Regulatory Framework for Farm Animal Genetic Resources. Workshop Documentation, Mozambique. | ||||
| Hall, S. J. G. (1992). Conservation of livestock breeds. CNRS Centre d'EtudesBiologiques de ChizéF 79360 Villiers en Bois, France1 | ||||
| Hammond, K. (2002). Management of farm animal genetic resources.FAO, Animal Genetic Resources, Animal Production and Health Division, VialedelleTerme di Caracalla–00100, Rome, Italy. | ||||
| Hammond, K. (1996). The status of global farm animal genetic resources. Paper presented at the Symposium on the Economics of Valuation and Conservation of Genetic Resources for Agriculture, Centre for International Studies on Economic Growth, Tor Vergata University, Rome. | ||||
| Ibitoye, B. A., & Hassan, W. A. (2016). Camels and donkeys as pack and transport animals in semi-arid Northern Nigeria: herd composition, management and utilization. FAO Corporate Document Repository. | ||||
| Ibitoye, W. A., & Bode, A. (2003). Camels and donkeys as pack and transport animals in semi-arid Northern Nigeria: herd composition, management and utilization. Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. | ||||
| Iregbu, G. U., Kubkomawa, I. H., Okoli, C. G., Ogundu, E. C., Uchegbu, M. C. & Okoli, I. C. (2014). Environmental Concerns of Pig Waste Production and its Potentials as Biofuel Source. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1(3), 17-24. | ||||
| Mailafia, S., Onakpa, M. M., & Owoleke, O. E. (2010). Problems and Prospects of Rabbit Production In Nigeria – A Review. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 20-25. | ||||
| Mammeri, A., Kayoueche, F. Z., & Benmakhlouf, A. (2014). Peri-Urban Breeding Practice of One-Humped Camel (CamelusDromedarius) in the Governorate OfBiskra (Algeria); A New Option. Journal of Anim. Prod. Adv., 4(5), 403-415. | ||||
| NAAS (2001). Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources of Livestock. National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, India. | ||||
| Oluwatusin, F. (2014). Determinants of Rabbit Keeping in the Tropics: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(6), 57-62. | ||||
| Rege, J. E. O. (1992). Background to ILCA's animal genetic resources characterization project, objectives and agenda for the research planning workshop. In J.E.O. Rege and M.E. Lipner, eds. Animal genetic resources: their characterization, conservation and utilization. Research planning workshop, International Livestock Centre for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 19-21 February, 1992, pp. 55-59. | ||||
| Rege, J. E. O., & Lipner, M. E. (1992). African Animal Genetic Resources: Their Characterization, Conservation and Utilization. Proceedings of the Research Planning Workshop held at ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 19-21 February 1992. | ||||
| Renée, B., & Aloyzas, J. (2003). Farm animal reproduction: Conserving local genetic resources. Proceedings from a minisymposium at Lithuanian Veterinary Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania September 13-15, 2003 | ||||
| RIM, (1992). Nigerian National Livestock Resource Survey. (IV vols). Report by Resource Inventory and Management Limited (RIM) to FDL and PCS, Abuja, Nigeria. | ||||
| Rotimi, E. A., Egahi, J.O., & Adeoye, A. A. (2013). Pre- and post-weaning growth performance of Uda and Balami in the semi-arid region of Nigeria. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(2), 58-61. | ||||
| Tizhe, M. A., Kubkomawa, H. I., Butswat, I. R. S., Addass, P. A., & Kwaji, D. T. (2015). Characterization of reproductive organs of female goats in Guinea Savannah Zone of North-Eastern Nigeria. Sky Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(3), 047 - 059. | ||||
| Wilson, R. T., & Light, D. (1986). Livestock production in central Mali: Economic characters and productivity indices for traditionally managed goats and sheep. Journal of Animal Science 62, 567-575. Crossref |
||||
| Wollny, B. A. C. (2001). The Need to Conserve Farm Animal Genetic Resources Through Community-Based Management in Africa: Should policy makers be concerned? Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection: University of Goettingen Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Goettingen, Germany. Link |
||||
| Yunusa, A. J., Salako, A. E., & Oladejo, O. A. (2013). Morphometric characterization of Nigerian indigenous sheep using multifactorial discriminant analysis. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation. 5(10), 661-665. | ||||
Copyright © 2024 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.