JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2536-7099
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/JASVM
Start Year: 2016
Email: jasvm@integrityresjournals.org
In vitro gas production from cassava peels supplemented with unconventional nitrogen sources and forages by small ruminants
https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2018.120 | Article Number: 9DDAABD65 | Vol.4 (1) - February 2019
Received Date: 04 December 2018 | Accepted Date: 15 January 2019 | Published Date: 28 February 2019
Author: Godfrey Adokiye Kalio
Keywords: goats, sheep., nutritional value, Cassava peels, forage, supplementation, sweet potato.
A study was conducted to ascertain the nutritional value of N-source treated and forage supplemented cassava peels (CSP) using in vitro gas production technique. Cassava peels were treated and supplemented with materials rich in nitrogen: fertilizer grade urea (T1 = CSP + U), broiler litter (T2 = CSP + BL), cassava forage (T3 = CSP + CSF) and sweet potato forage (T4 = CSP + SPF). Results revealed that, CSP supplemented with CSF (T3) and SPF (T4) recorded better gas production (31.90 and 32.20 mL/200 mg DM), metabolizable energy (ME) (7.54 and 7.67 MJ/kg DM), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) (52.02 and 52.80%), respectively. Similarly, the estimated short chain fatty acids (SCFA) revealed higher values of 0.70 and 0.71 µM, respectively, for cassava and sweet potato forage supplementation compared to those fed urea and broiler litter-treated cassava peels. The superiority exhibited by the forage supplemented cassava peel diets for meeting the ME levels, SCFAs and OMD reveals that, cassava peels supplemented with either cassava leaves or sweet potato forage are valuable sources of nutrients for sheep and goats in terms of meeting their energy requirements for maintenance and part or all their milk production needs depending on the level of productivity.
| Adebowale, E. A. (1994). Maize residues as ruminant feed resources in Nigeria. WAR/RMZ (73), 24-30. Link |
||||
| Adesogan, A. T. (2002). What are feeds worth? A critical evaluation of selected nutritive value methods. In: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, Pp. 33-47. | ||||
| Adewumi, M. K., & Ajayi, D. A. (2010). Replacement value of full fat neem fruit for corn bran in the diet of West African Dwarf (WAD) Sheep. In: Babayemi, O. J., Abu, O. A., & Ewuola, E. O. (Eds). Fast-tracking Animal Agriculture in a challenged economy. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), 14th -17th March, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. (pp 591-593). | ||||
| Akinfemi, A., Adu, O. A., & Aya, V. E. (2009). Use of in vitro gas production technique to evaluate some Nigerian feedstuffs. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 4(4), 240-245. | ||||
| Alasa, M. C., Akinsola, S. O., & Babayemi, O. J. (2010). Chemical composition and in vitro gas production of Panicum maximum intercropped with two cultivars of Lalab purpureus. In: Babayemi, O.J., Abu, O. A., & Ewuola, E. O. (Eds). Fast-tracking Animal Agriculture in a challenged economy. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), 14th -17th March, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. (pp. 587-590). | ||||
| Babayemi, O. J., Otukoye, F. K., Femilade, F. O., & Daodu, M. O. (2009). Assessment of the nutritive value of bovine liquor and urea treated corn-straw and corn-cobs as feed for the West African Dwarf sheep and goats. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 36(2), 313-324. | ||||
| Bergman, E. N. (1990). Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species. Physiology Review, 70, 567-590. Crossref |
||||
| Blümmel, M., Makkar, H. P. S., & Becker, K. (1997). In vitro gas production: a technique revisited. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 77(1‐5), 24-34. Crossref |
||||
| Boga, M. (2014). Chemical Composition and in vitro gas production kinetics of some tree leaves obtained in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Science, 29(2), 143-146. Crossref |
||||
| Getachew, G., De Peters, E. J., & Robinson, P. H. (2004a). In vitro gas production provides effective method for assessing ruminant feeds. California Agriculture. 58(1), 54-58. Crossref |
||||
| Getachew, G., Robinson, P. H., DePeters, E. J., & Taylor, S. J. (2004b). Relationships between chemical composition, dry matter degradation and in vitro gas production of several ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 111(1-4), 57-71. Crossref |
||||
| Kalio, G. A., Agwunobi, L. N., Ayuk, A. A., & Eneji, C. A. (2013). Availability and estimation of crop by-product yields for small ruminant production in Cross River State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 40(1), 117-122. | ||||
| Kalio, G. A., Ayuk, A. A., & Agwunobi, L. N. (2014). Performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed n-treated source and forage supplemented cassava peels in humid Cross River State, Nigeria. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4(6), 629-638. Crossref |
||||
| Maynard, L. A., Loosli, J. K., Hitz, H., & Warner, R. G. (1984). Animal Nutrition, 7th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd. (602p). | ||||
| Menke, K. H., & Steingass, H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28, 7-55. | ||||
| Murillo, M., Herrera, E., Reyes, O., Gurrol, J. N., & Gutierrez, E. (2011). Use in vitro gas production technique for assessment of nutritional quality of diets by range steers. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 6(11), 2522-2526. | ||||
| Njidda, A. A., Ikhimioya, I., & Babayemi, O. J. (2010). Variation of 24 hour in vitro gas production and estimated metabolizable energy values of ruminant feeds. Proceedings of the 33th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), March 14-17, 2010, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. (pp. 597-600). | ||||
| Pashaei, S., Razmazar, V. & Mirshekar, R. (2010). Gas production: A proposed in vitro method to estimate the extent of digestion of feedstuff in the rumen. Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(6), 573-580. Crossref |
||||
| Preston, T. R., & Leng, R. A. (1986). Matching Livestock Systems to Available Feed Resources. ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (200p). | ||||
| Sallam, S. M. A. (2005). Nutritive value assessment of alternative feed resources by gas production and rumen fermentation in vitro. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 1(2), 200-209. | ||||
| SAS (1999). SAS for Windows, Version 8. (Statistical Analysis Systems) Institute Inc.: Cary, NC). | ||||
| Smith, J. W, Naazie, A., Larbi, A., Agyemang, K., & Tarawali, S. (1997). Integrated crop-livestock systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: an option or an imperative. Outlook on Agriculture, 26(4), 237-246. Crossref |
||||
| Songsak, C., Anut, C., & Piyanate C. (2007). Chemical compositions and nutritional evaluation of energy feeds for ruminant using in vitro gas production technique. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 6(6), 607-612. Crossref |
||||
| Steel, R. G. D., & Torrie, J. H. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Biometric Approach, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill Co. Inc., New York, USA. | ||||
| Steele, M. (2006). Goats. CTA-Macmillan Publishing Ltd., London and Basingstoke. (152p). | ||||
| Valizadeh, R, Sobhanirad, S, & Mojtahedi, M. (2010). Chemical composition, ruminal degradability and in vitro gas production of wheat straw inoculated by Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms. Journal of Animal Veterinary Advances, 7(11), 1506-1510. | ||||
| Van Soest, P. J. (1982). Nutritional Ecology of Ruminants. O & B Books Inc., Carvallis Oregon U.S.A. (374p). | ||||
Copyright © 2023 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.