GLOBAL JOURNAL OF FISHERIES SCIENCE
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2782-750X
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/GJFS
Start Year: 2018
Email: gjfs@integrityresjournals.org
Spatio-temporal variations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) in water, sediment and health risk assessment of three fin-fishes from three lagoons in Lagos, Nigeria
https://doi.org/10.31248/GJFS2024.054 | Article Number: BDA2BCED4 | Vol.6 (2) - June 2024
Received Date: 03 May 2024 | Accepted Date: 27 May 2024 | Published Date: 30 June 2024
Authors: G. O. Mekuleyi* , O. O. Joseph , P. C. Ogbonna , M. O. Oginni and D. M. Akinyemi
Keywords: Safety assessment, BTEX, aquatic habitat, C. nigrodigitatus, I. africana, O. niloticus.
Adverse effects of exposure of human to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are enormous. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine and compare BTEX in water, sediment and fishes (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Oreochromis niloticus and Ilishia africana) from Badagry, Ojo and Ologe Lagoons in Lagos State, Nigeria, and to investigate if consumption of the fish has any human health risks problem. Fish, water and sediment samples were collected for three months (May - July 2023) using standard procedures. Data were computed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) and analyzed with analysis of variance while the differences in mean were separated using Least Significant Difference at p<0.05 being considered significant. There were no significant (p>0.05) spatial variations in the BTEX concentration in the water column, sediment and fish collected from Badagry, Ojo and Ologe Lagoons. Levels of BTEX in water, sediment and fish across the three sampling Lagoons were lower than the standard maximum permissible levels. Benzene with 3.57x10-8, 3.57x10-8 and 7.13 x 10-8 represent the highest hazard quotient (HQ) in C. nigrodigitatus from Badagry, Ojo and Ologe Lagoons respectively. Similarly, benzene with 7.13 x 10-8, 7.13 x 10-8 and 1.07x10-7 had the highest HQ in O. niloticus from Badagry, Ojo and Ologe Lagoons respectively. For I. africana, same value of benzene (3.57x10-8) was obtained as the highest HQ across Badagry, Ojo and Ologe Lagoons. Xylene had the least HQ in C. nigrodigitatus (Badagry and Ologe), O. niloticus (Ologe and Ojo) and I. Africana (Badagry and Ojo). However, HQ of toluene was the least for C. nigrodigitatus (Ojo), O. niloticus (Badagry), while ethylbenzene had lowest HQ in I. africana from Ologe lagoon. The estimated hazard index (HI) which ranged from 4.14x10-8 in C. nigrodigitatus (from Badagry lagoon) to 1.14x10-7 in O. niloticus (from Ologe lagoon) inferred no likelihood of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic incidents when the fish species are consumed. Hence, the examined fishes are safe for human consumption.
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