ADVANCED JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY
Integrity Research Journals
ISSN: 2992-4928
Model: Open Access/Peer Reviewed
DOI: 10.31248/AJPB
Start Year: 2019
Email: ajpb@integrityresjournals.org
Isolation and characterization of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol from Anacardium occidentale stem bark (Anacadeceae): Cashew stem bark
https://doi.org/10.31248/AJPB2024.032 | Article Number: 48D0EB161 | Vol.4 (1) - June 2024
Received Date: 30 April 2024 | Accepted Date: 05 June 2024 | Published Date: 30 June 2024
Authors: Chidimma Iheanacho* , Paschal C. Akubuiro , Irene O. Oseghale , Vincent O. Imieje , Osayemwenre Erharuyi , Kennedy Ogbeide , Abiodun Falodun and Arthur Jideonwo
Keywords: Anacardium occidentale, phytosterols, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol.
The phytochemical screening of the stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, deoxysugars, saponins, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, and proteins. This study aims to identify and characterize the bioactive principle from the stem bark of A. occidentale which is widely used in folk medicine. Column chromatography of the crude extracts led to several fractions. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) spotting and the spraying reagent (Concentrated H2SO4 and vanillin in methanol) were used to identify the fraction containing phytosterols. The isolation and purification yielded white crystalline powder which was subjected to physical, chemical, and spectral identification by IR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR. The compound obtained was identified as a mixture of stigmasterol and β‐sitosterol.
| Assunção, R. B., & Mercadante, A. Z. (2003). Carotenoids and ascorbic acid from cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.): variety and geographic effects. Food Chemistry, 81(4), 495-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00477-6 |
||||
| Bulama, J. S., Dangoggo, S. M., & Mathias, S. N. (2015). Isolation and characterization of beta-sitosterol from ethyl acetate extract of root bark of Terminalia glaucescens. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(3), 1-3. | ||||
| Chernyak, M., (2012). Canadian NHP market: Headed in the right direction. Retrieved from http://www.nutraceuticalsworld.com/issues/2012-11/view_features/canadian-nhp-market-headed-in-the-right-direction/. | ||||
| Chin, Y. W., Balunas, M. J., Chai, H. B., & Kinghorn, A. D. (2006). Drug discovery from natural sources. The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientist Journal, 8(2), E239-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854894 |
||||
| de Brito, E. S., de Araújo, M. C. P., Lin, L. Z., & Harnly, J. (2007). Determination of the flavonoid components of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale) by LC-DAD-ESI/MS. Food Chemistry, 105(3), 1112-1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.02.009 |
||||
| De Lima, S. G., Feitosa, C. M., Cito, A. M. G. L., Neto, M. J. M., Lopes, J. A. D., Leite, A. S., Brito, M. C., Dantas, S. M. M., & Melo, C. A. A. C., (2008). Effects of immature cashew nut shell liquid (Anacardium occidentale) against oxidative damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and inhibition of acetylcholine sterase activity. Journal of Genetics and Molecular Research, 7(3), 806-818. https://doi.org/10.4238/vol7-3gmr473 |
||||
| Ertl, P., & Schuffenhauer, A. (2008). Cheminformatics analysis of natural products: Lessons from nature inspiring the design of new drugs. In: Petersen, F., & Amstutz, R. (eds.). Natural compounds as drugs. progress in drug research (66, 217-235). Birkhäuser Basel https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8595-8_4 |
||||
| Fadeyi, O. E., Olatunji, G. A., & Ogundele, V. A. (2015). Isolation and characterization of the chemical constituents of Anacardium occidentale cracked bark. Natural Products Chemistry & Research, 3(5), Article number 192. https://doi.org/10.15228/2015.v05.i02.p02201508012411 |
||||
| Grasselli, J. G. (1973). CRC spectral Data and physical constants for organic compound. CRC press. | ||||
| Khan, N. M. U., & Hossain, M. S. (2015). Scopoletin and β-sitosterol glucoside from roots of Ipomoea digitata. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(2), 5-7. | ||||
| Kinghorn, A. D., Chin, Y. W., & Swanson, S. M. (2009). Discovery of natural product anticancer agents from biodiverse organisms. Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development, 12(2), 189-196. | ||||
| Luhata, L. P., & Munkombwe, N. M. (2015). Isolation and characterisation of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol from Odontonema strictum (acanthaceae). Journal of Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Sciences, 2(1), 88-95. | ||||
| Marcionilia, F. P., Denis, D. L., Leonardo R. M., Adilson B., Sandra, T. S., & Leticia, V. C. L. (2009). Ecotoxicological analysis of cashew nut industry effluents, specifically two of its major phenolic components, cardol and cardanol. Pan American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 4(3), 363-368. | ||||
| Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (2012). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. Journal of natural products, 75(3), 311-335. https://doi.org/10.1021/np200906s |
||||
| Ododo, M., Manash, K., Choudhur, M., & Ahmed, H. (2016). Structure elucidation of β-sitosterol with antibacterial activity from the root bark of Malvaparviflora. Springer Plus, 5(1), Article number 1210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2894-x |
||||
| Paramashivappa, R., Kumar, P. P., Vithayathil, P. J., & Rao, A. S. (2001). Novel method for isolation of major phenolic constituents from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shell liquid. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(5), 2548-2551. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001222j |
||||
| Pujol, M., Gavilondo, J., Ayala, M., Rodríguez, M., González, E. M., & Pérez, L. (2007). Fighting cancer with plant-expressed pharmaceuticals. Trends in Biotechnology, 25(10), 455-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.09.001 |
||||
| Subramanian, S. S., Joseph, K. J., & Nair, A. G. R. (1969). Polyphenols from Anacardium occidentale. Phytochemistry, Pergamon Press, 8, 673-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85421-7 |
||||
| Tedong, L., Madiraju, P., Martineau, L. C., Vallerand, D., Arnason, J. T., Desire, D. D., Lavoie, L., Kamtchouing, P., & Haddad, P. S. (2010). Hydro‐ethanolic extract of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) nut and its principal compound, anacardic acid, stimulate glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 54(12), 1753-1762. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201000045 |
||||
| Yinusa, I., Ndukwe, I. G., Rufai, Y., & Ayo, R. G. (2014). Characterization and microbial activities of β-sitosterol and β-sitostenone mixture isolated from the stem bark of methanol fraction of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith Bruce). International Research Journal of Natural Sciences, 2(2), 1-13. | ||||
| Zähner, H. (1979) (). What are secondary metabolites? Folia Microbiology, 24(5), 435-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02927127 |
||||
Copyright © 2025 Integrity Research Journals. All rights reserved.